CT维修常用故障诊断方法

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                    <p style=""><strong style=""><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 28px; font-family: simsun;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/uwD6icYMd8CdPvkFkiblghjjWUpcltNQViaNczNVUSUrFe0lCpCic3TBdicbfAicIECDqYklggpTmywT3eEzZ7rkelwA/0" data-ratio="0.20725388601036268" data-w="386" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/uwD6icYMd8CdPvkFkiblghjjWUpcltNQViaNczNVUSUrFe0lCpCic3TBdicbfAicIECDqYklggpTmywT3eEzZ7rkelwA/0" style="word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="">一． 了解设备机构及功能</p><p style="">1. CT<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">技术发展至今，虽然在功能和应用技术方面有了非常大的进步，比如在扫描速度 扫描排数 扫描图像质量（空间分辨率和密度分辨率）后处理软件功能（标准重建 肺重建细节重建 三维重建 内窥镜技术 模拟手术刀 血流分析等），但其基本结构没有大的变化，掌握这一点对于我们今后维修各种</span><span style="">CT</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">打下良好的基础。</span></p><p style=""><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"  /></p><p style="">2. CT<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">的基本结构包括：</span></p><p style="">A<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">控制台：负责人机交流，根据操作者的指令来控制整个系统，并监测系统是否正常运行。</span></p><p style="">B<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">重建单元：负责将探测器采集的原始数据重建为诊断图像，并在显示器上显示出来。</span></p><p style="">C<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">数据通讯传输单元及接口单。：负责</span><span style="">CT</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">各个单元之间的控制指令传输 校验以及原始数据的传输校验。安全回路的监测，设备运行状态的监测等。</span></p><p style="">D<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">软件系统：包括操作系统软件和应用系统软件。操作系统软件一般采用</span><span style="">UNIX</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">系统</span><span style="">LINIUX</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">系统</span><span style="">WINNT</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">系统，医学方面的用途要求稳定性高，占用系统内存小。</span></p><p style="">E<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">高压单元：负责为球管提供</span><span style="">120KV</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">以上的高压，以及为球管灯丝提供激发电流，控制球管旋转阳极旋转。</span></p><p style="">F<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">数据采集单元（</span><span style="">DAS</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">）：负责采样原始数据。</span></p><p style="">G<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">机架控制单元：负责机架部分的控制及反馈。比如机架旋转 倾斜 射线层厚 机架运动及静止单元之间的数据传输控制等。</span></p><p style="">H<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">病人床：负责病人床的运动。如升降 进退床等。</span></p><p style=""><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"  /></p><p style=""><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"  /></p><p style="">二． 建立系统功能化维修思路</p><p style="">1.<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">以功能化的观念来区分故障，</span><span style="">CT</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">技术发展至今已经非常成熟，其功能化 网络化 系统化较为全面，各个部件单元都有其独立的功能控制，这为快速区分故障奠定了基础。</span></p><p style="">比如说：系统报告HV System error， 那么我们就应该明确地去考虑高压单元各个部件，是KV控制板还是灯丝电路或是旋转阳极或是球管或逆变器等，这些部件可以通过测试程序，板件测量，板件指示灯状态来判断；再如图像有伪影：一般有伪影系统不会报错，但我们对系统结构的了解可以知道产生伪影的主要相关部件是DAS及重建单元。然后我们可以用以前正常的原始数据进行重建，如果重建图像正常那就是DAS的故障，如果不正常，就是重建单元的故障或是两方面都有故障，这样可以将故障的范围缩小以便尽快找到故障。</p><p style=""><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"  /></p><p style="">2<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">．</span>以系统化的观念考虑故障，建立流程控制的思想，以系统化的观念来看故障，防止陷入维修死角误区。</p><p style="">以系统化的观念考虑故障就是要建立流程控制的思想。所谓流程控制就是自动控制，所有流程自动控制都包含以下部分：</p><p style="">a. 控制单元</p><p style="">b. 执行单元</p><p style="">c. 负载部件</p><p style="">d. 检测反馈部件</p><p style="">通过这四个部件来形成一个流程的闭环控制系统。</p><p style="">比如高压<span style="">KV</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">控制，他就是一个典型的流程闭环控制系统：控制部件—</span><span style="">KV</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">控制板，负责根据控制台的指令来控制输出到球管两端的电压 ，一般为</span><span style="">120kv</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">；执行部件—高压逆变器、高压油箱，逆变器负责将直流信号变为高频的交流信号。高压油箱，负责将</span><span style="">600v</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">的电压变为正负</span><span style="">60kv</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">的高压；负载部件—球管；检测反馈部件—反馈电路中的反馈电压，一般通过电阻或者互感器反馈。</span></p><p style="">当出现高压过流故障时，根据前面的我们可以考虑四个方面，即<span style="">:</span></p><p style="">控制单元—<span style="">KV</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">控制板 执行单元—逆变器和高压油箱 负载单元—球管 检测及反馈单元—高压测量板上</span><span style="">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">欧姆电阻。</span></p><p style="">针对球管可以进行冷高压测试（<span style="">no load kv test</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">）</span></p><p style="">针对高压逆变器：可进行逆变控制测试和逆变短路测试</p><p style="">针对高压油箱：没有测试程序，但可以通过物理检查和排除法判断</p><p style="">针对反馈单元：可直接测量反馈电阻，要求误差<span style="">3%</span></p><p style="">针对<span style="">KV</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">控制板：没有测试程序，但可以通过观察状态指示灯或者物理检测进行判断</span></p><p style=""><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"  /></p><p style=""><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"  /></p><p style="">三． 总结</p><p style="">CT<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">是一个较为复杂的大型精密设备，对控制的要求是稳定性和精密性，所以大量的采用了闭环控制系统。整个闭环系统构成了</span><span style="">CT</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">严密的结构及智能化的通讯流程，在维修过程中我们切实要做到以下三点：</span><span style="">1.</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">以功能化的观念来区分故障</span></p><p style="">2.<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">以系统化的思想来考虑故障</span></p><p style="">3.<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; font-family: 宋体;">多和其他有经验的工程师交流</span></p><p style=""><img data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6MJIcDia8DjnxmueMtMaviaxkpPks1KuskPwT51OTbWsMDGknn9aanm7WBfRmOz9miciadnME3Sb79mYA/0" data-ratio="0.611439842209073" data-w="" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6MJIcDia8DjnxmueMtMaviaxkpPks1KuskPwT51OTbWsMDGknn9aanm7WBfRmOz9miciadnME3Sb79mYA/640" style="word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><p style=""><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 19px; font-family: 仿宋; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; font-family: 仿宋; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; 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