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<p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">意大利都灵的一位外科医生塞尔吉奥·卡纳维洛(Sergio Canavero)称，全身移植手术将于两年内变成现实。他称把活人的头部移植到捐赠者的身体上已进入计划日程，并且手术所需的程序也并非遥不可及。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">卡纳维洛希望借助今年6月在马里兰州召开的神经外科医生会议，组建一支团队启动项目对这一关键手术进行探索。多年来，卡纳维洛一直宣讲医学技术可以进步到进行全身移植的观点，但他的提议总是引来同行侧目、恐惧和深深的怀疑。卡纳维洛最近出版了一份手术可行性梗概，他一直以来希望身体移植能延长饱受绝症折磨的人们的性命。他说：“假如社会上对此没有需求，我的工作就不会进行。但假如在美国或欧洲没有需求的话，并不意味着不可以在其它地方进行。我希望进行这样的尝试，希望能有更多的人一起加油。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">即使暂时不表关键性技术难题，如移除活人的头颅、把它嫁接到一个已经死去的身体上、使身体重新复活并且训练大脑利用数千个不熟悉的脊髓神经，伦理方面问题也不容小觑。在移植的历史上总是不乏这样的案例：人们不喜欢他们的新“附件”甚至想要把它们除掉。麻醉清醒后适应一个全新身体的心理负担也无疑是一个未知领域。另一个显而易见的问题是，医学伦理委员会几乎确定不会批准在灵长类身上进行这类可行性试验。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">卡纳维洛想要大家对相关问题进行探讨。他说：“真正的绊脚石是伦理问题。手术应该进行吗？显而易见，反对的声音将很大。”身体移植——或头部移植的想法曾经在历史上进行过尝试，它取决于未来的需求。1970年，罗伯特·怀特(Robert White)在美国克利夫兰凯斯西储大学率领一个团队尝试把一只猴子的头颅移植到另一只猴子的身体上。手术止步于无法进行完整的骨髓移植，因此猴子无法活动身体。怀特的身体移植试验之后，这方面的尝试一直停滞不前。直到去年，中国哈尔滨医科大学的医生们在小白鼠身上进行的实验取得了重要进展。他们希望能完善这一过程，他们称此举“将是医学史上的里程碑，未来可以拯救数百万人的性命。”</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">尽管卡纳维洛满腔热忱，但许多外科医生和神经系统科学家认为大量的技术壁垒使实现身体移植变得遥遥无期。最难解决的问题是，没有人知道如何连接脊髓神经并使它们重新起作用。假如这一点解决的话，因脊髓损伤导致瘫痪的病人可以通过手术重新站立。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">根据卡纳维洛本月发表的梗概，医生们将先把患者的头颅和捐赠者的身体冷藏以让细胞不会在手术过程中死去。在颈项处被切下，血管连接上细小的管子，为使损伤最小化将使用异常锋利的刀切断脊髓神经。接受者的头颅随后被放到捐赠者的身体上。接下来的步骤更加棘手，卡纳维洛认为使用一种叫做聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol)的物质，脊髓神经可以让接受者的大脑和捐赠者的身体融合在一起。为防止患者移动，数周内他们都必须处于昏迷状态。卡纳维洛认为移植者苏醒过来后，可以说话，会用手触摸自己的脸。他预测，进行一年的康复训练后移植者的身体将可以活动自如。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;">加利福尼亚大学的神经病学外科教授哈里·戈德史密斯(Harry Goldsmith)说：“这是一项艰巨的工程，实现的可能性微乎其微。”</p><p style=""><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/rz7R73cuHRrv6jdOCoJeZmYwvEAIoHpY0a7yJL2egiaEokLTpwkIsIRTzTFUic09aEThKHS4hrEcSqU0lAS3tu5g/0" data-ratio="0.14784394250513347" data-w="487" width="auto" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/rz7R73cuHRrv6jdOCoJeZmYwvEAIoHpY0a7yJL2egiaEokLTpwkIsIRTzTFUic09aEThKHS4hrEcSqU0lAS3tu5g/0?tp=webp&wxfrom=5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; 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border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; background-color: rgb(0, 187, 236); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">复制上面微信号</span><img data-s="300,640" data-ratio="1.35" data-w="20" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6NE8iaIXiblrE1WKyXQz6qbATAS0VZxTKlGupjMMNvicoNs9vhvYGBr83wmsdO1ouTw7kVDibk9w6VoMg/0" class="" id="c6" width="auto" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6NE8iaIXiblrE1WKyXQz6qbATAS0VZxTKlGupjMMNvicoNs9vhvYGBr83wmsdO1ouTw7kVDibk9w6VoMg/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" /><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">联系我哟</span></span></legend><blockquote style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; border: 0px; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">? </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); border: 0px; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">定期推送</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); border: 0px; line-height: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; 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发表于 2020-10-21 13:32:41