认识B超之一：B超的发展过程

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                    <p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;每秒振动2万-10亿次，人耳听不到的声波称为超声波。利用超声波的物理特性进行诊断和治疗的一门影像学科，称为超声医学。其</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">临床</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">应用范围广泛，目前已成为现代临床医学中不可缺少的诊断方法。</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p><h3 class="headline-2"><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">普通B超</span></h3><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B超经过了三个发展阶段，最早采用的是黑白超声诊断技术，也就是普通B超。通过超声探头测得的图像是黑白的，只能观测到</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">胎儿</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">的组织结构，测量头有多大、身有多长。</span></p><h3 class="headline-2"><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">彩色B超</span></h3><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 上世纪80年代在普通B超的基础上出现了彩色-多普勒超声波探测诊断技术，观测到的图像以红蓝两色为主，面向探头的呈现红色，反之为蓝色。</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">这种技术能够观测到胎儿的血液流动情况，有利于及时发现胎儿的异常，例如胎儿颈部如有血流环，则意味着发生了可导致</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">窒息</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">死亡的</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">脐带绕颈</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">。</span></p><h3 class="headline-2"><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">三维B超</span></h3><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 普通B超和彩色B超都是二维平面图像，这两种技术仍在使用，但由于观测效果较为依赖</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">羊水</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">量和胎儿体位，一旦在怀孕晚期羊水减少或者胎儿面向母亲的背部，观测效果就不太理想。而且，二维图像不能满足准妈妈们“看到”宝宝模样的愿望。因此，最近几年，随着</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">计算机</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">技术的发展，又出现了三维B超，也就是将二维</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">图像合成</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">模型，透过屏幕可从各个方位观察胎宝宝。</span></p><h3 class="headline-2"><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">四维B超</span></h3><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 简称4D超声，是目前世界上最先进的彩色超声设备。第四维是指时间这个矢量。对于超声学来说，4D超声技术是新近发展的技术，4维超声技术就是采用3维超声图像加上时间维度参数。该技术能够实时获取</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">三维图像</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">，超越了传统超声的限制。它提供了包括腹部、血管、小器官、</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">产科</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">、</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">妇科</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">、</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">泌尿科</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">、新生儿和儿科等多领域的多方面的应用。</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><strong>普通B超与三维B超区别</strong></span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 可以这样理解，普通B超就像</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">黑白照片</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">，彩色B超就像</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">彩色照片</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">，而三维B超就像是摄像机所拍摄的VCR。普通B超和彩色B超看到的只是一个平面，而三维B超看到的是胎儿的立体图像，胎儿的前后、左右、上下都可以看到，更加全面、真实且清晰。</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">举例说明：比如</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">兔唇</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">，普通的B超看到的是一侧裂开，而三维B超检查出是上唇的左右两边各有一个裂开。再比如胎儿的手，如果胎儿的手掌是张开的，三维B超就可以清楚地看到每个指头，但普通的B超是做不到的。还有就是血管方面的情况，二维的话只能看到一根血管的平面图，而三维的话就可以看到</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">血管</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">伸进去的走向，看到</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">血管壁</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">。有关脐带绕颈，</span><span style="COLOR: #000000">三维</span><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">B超可以清楚地看到绕了几圈，绕得紧还是松。</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none">&nbsp;</span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><strong><span style="COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 13px; TEXT-DECORATION: none">广州市设备维修有限公司</span></strong></span></p><p><span style="COLOR: #000000; 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