认识B超之四：临床应用

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                    <p style="">在临床应用方面，B超可以清晰地显示各脏器及周围器官的各种断面像，由于图像富于实体感，接近于解剖的真实结构，所以应用超声可以早期明确诊断。例如：眼科诊断非金属异物时，在玻璃体混浊的情况下，可显示视网膜及球后病变。对心脏的先天性心脏病、风湿性心脏病、粘液病的非浸入探测有特异性，可代替大部分心导管检查。它亦可用于小血管的通断、血流方向、速度的测定可广泛应用。早期发现肝占位性病变的检出已达到1厘米水平。还可清楚地显示胆囊总胆管、肝管、肝外胆管、胰腺、肾上腺、前列腺等等。B超检查能检出有否占位性病变，尤其对积液与囊肿的物理定性和数量、体积等相当准确。对各种管腔内结石的检出率高出传统的检查法。对产科更解决了过去许多难以检出的疑难问题。如既能对胎盘定位、羊水测量，又能对单胎多胎、胎儿发育情况及有否畸形和葡萄胎等作出早期诊断。<br  /></p><p style=""><br  /></p><p style="">(1)胆结石：B超对胆囊结石的诊断率高达90%以上，能发现直径只有3mm的结石。胆管结石因受肠道气体的干扰，诊断率虽不如胆囊结石，但可以看到因胆管结石而引起的胆管扩张、管壁增厚等改变。</p><p style="">(2)胆囊炎：胆囊炎症会引起胆囊的大小和囊壁的改变。急性胆囊炎时B超可见胆囊增大、囊壁弥漫性增厚；慢性胆囊炎时，胆囊胀大或萎缩、壁增厚、边缘粗糙。</p><p style="">(3)胆道肿瘤：胆囊良性肿瘤B超图像表现为半圆形或近似圆形的较光亮的团块，结构均匀；恶性肿瘤的团块形状不规则，密度不均匀，胆囊壁增厚，凹凸不平；胆管癌的声像图表现为胆管中边缘不规则团块，肿块上方胆管常扩张、增粗。</p><p style="">(4)胆道蛔虫病：B超图像显示条状的与胆管平行的蛔虫光带，甚至可以看到蛔虫的蠕动。</p><p style="">(5)阻塞性黄疸：正常的肝外胆管内径一般小于6mm，左右肝管的内径小于2mm，如B超显示大于上述数值即提示胆管有阻塞、阻塞上方的胆管显示扩张增粗，因此可确定梗阻的部位，有时还可提供阻塞的原因是什么。</p><p style=""><br  /></p><p style=""><br  /></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">广州市设备维修有限公司</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; 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