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<p style="text-align: center;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/dx3KibwtDhvcgaUdic9D4edbfOusbgaeIzIGSbGh8ktAgpbavn3mTCL40gw3ec32rHs9RxG1dH70ajm1jjR5OqyA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.7491525423728813" data-w="295" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">超声医学影像技术已经广泛应用在乳腺疾病的筛查、诊断和引导下穿刺等方面。乳腺超声检查的优点是可以显示乳腺纤维腺体组织的断层解剖结构，从而发现组织局部结构和形态的变化。因此，乳腺超声主要应用于乳腺占位性疾病的检出、诊断和鉴别。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">但超声对微小钙化灶的检出率低、准确度不高，对于早期病变、缺乏大体形态学变化的病变，可能产生漏诊。为了规范乳腺超声检查的应用，中华医学会超声医学分会组织专家几经讨论，达成以下共识。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">乳腺超声检查</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、适应证</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．临床出现乳腺相关症状和体征：(1) 诊断和定位乳腺肿块，包括可触及的乳腺肿块和腋窝肿块。(2) 评估特殊症状：如扪诊有异常、局部或整个乳腺疼痛、乳头溢液（重点检查乳头、乳晕后方和乳晕周边区域），通常需要结合乳腺 X 线摄影。(3)30 岁以上的女性，对乳腺可触及肿块的首次评估，常规选择超声检查和乳腺 X 线摄影 2 种技术联合评估。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．其他影像检查发现乳腺异常或诊断困难：(1)乳腺 X 线摄影或其他乳腺影像检查方法 (MRI、胸部 CT、PET-CT 等) 发现的异常或肿块。(2)乳腺 X 线摄影诊断不清的致密乳腺、结构扭曲和难以显示的乳腺肿块。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．乳腺病变的随访：(1) 随访既往超声检查发现的乳腺病变，观察肿块稳定性和周期性变化（随访时间视病变特点而定）。(2) 乳腺癌新辅助化疗中，随访肿瘤大小、血供、引流淋巴结等变化。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4．乳腺外科术前、术后评估：(1) 术前评估：术前评价病变的位置、大小、肿块的数目，引流区淋巴结受累情况。根据病变的声像图特征和彩色多普勒血流显像推断肿块良、恶性，判断困难时行超声引导下穿刺活检。(2) 术后评估：术后早期了解局部血肿、积液、水肿等情况；术后定期随访检查有无乳腺恶性肿瘤局部复发和淋巴结转移等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5．乳腺植入假体后的评估：假体囊是否完整、有无变形和破裂等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6．超声引导下介入诊断和（或）治疗：(1) 超声引导下穿刺组织学检查。(2) 扪诊阴性的乳腺肿块术前体表定位或术前超声引导下乳腺导丝置入定位。(3) 为各种介入操作提供影像引导，如局限性液性病灶抽吸术（术后积液、囊肿、脓肿等），肿瘤消融术，经皮乳腺肿块微创旋切术，手术局部切除术等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7．常规体检：(1) 一般人群：乳腺筛查。适用于任何年龄、任何乳腺结构类型、任何生理时期的女性乳腺疾病筛查。(2) 特殊人群：妊娠妇女、30 岁以下的年轻女性、绝经后激素替代治疗的妇女、男性乳腺疾病检查。(3) 乳腺癌高危人群：有乳腺癌家族史、乳腺癌个人史、既往活检显示高危险性、遗传易感人群。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">8．乳腺相关区域淋巴结的检查：乳腺相关区域淋巴结包括腋下淋巴结、锁骨下（上）淋巴结、胸骨旁淋巴结等。(1) 临床触诊或自检发现相关区域有肿块，需要明确肿块组织来源和物理性质。(2) 乳腺内发现病灶存在，高度怀疑为恶性和临床已经证实为恶性，需要评估淋巴结是否转移。(3) 可疑淋巴结穿刺超声定位或需超声引导下完成。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、禁忌证</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">无绝对禁忌证。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、检查前准备</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">检查前一般无需特殊准备，检查时充分暴露双侧乳腺和腋窝。检查前避免行乳腺导管造影和穿刺活检，以免对比剂和出血的干扰而影响诊断。检查乳腺癌是否发生腹、盆腔转移时，需要空腹和充盈膀胱。介入检查前需签署知情同意书、检查凝血功能、了解有无过敏史等。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、检查方法</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．仪器：选择彩色多普勒超声诊断仪。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．探头和频率：(1) 探头：一般选择高频浅表线阵探头。(2) 频率：保证检查深度要求的前提下，尽量选择高频率。一般选择探头中心频率≥7.5 MHz 的线阵高频探头。若病变位置表浅，可选择更高频率的探头。对于深部较大的肿块、有植入硅胶填充物等可采用更低频率的腹部探头。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．检查范围：双侧全乳腺和双侧腋窝。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4．受检者体位：(1) 充分暴露双侧乳腺和腋窝。双侧手臂上举，自然置于头部两侧，这种姿势使乳腺组织贴紧胸壁，可减少病灶的滑动，减少乳腺下垂和褶皱对检查的影响。(2) 常规取仰卧位。检查乳腺外侧时，可调整为面向对侧的半侧卧位。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">5．常用检查方法：使用适量的耦合剂，将探头放置在皮肤表面直接检查。具体包括：(1) 放射状扫查法（旋转扫查法）：将探头置于乳头上方，沿导管长轴方向，以乳头为中心旋转扫查，依次向外至乳腺边缘。以顺时针或逆时针方向，完成 360°全乳腺的检查。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(2) 反放射状扫查法：与放射状扫查方向垂直的断面，从乳腺外缘向乳头方向，以及从乳头向乳腺外缘连续扫查。以顺时针或逆时针连续扫查，完成 360°全乳腺检查。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(3) 纵向扫查法：从胸骨旁向腋前线乳腺外侧缘方向，或从腋前线乳腺外侧缘向胸骨旁方向，从上至下连续地沿乳腺依次纵向扫查。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(4) 横向扫查法：从内向外或从外向内方向，从乳腺上缘至乳腺下缘，沿乳腺依次横向扫查。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(5) 斜切扫查法：将探头置于乳头旁．使声束斜切人乳头后方，以清晰显示乳头及深面结构。乳头和乳晕处组织致密，可致后方衰减，乳头和乳晕深面为病变好发部位，需采用多方位斜切检查。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(6) 腋窝检查方法：在腋窝长轴和短轴方向行有序的多断面检查，判断腋窝淋巴结是否肿大及回声异常，是否有副乳腺或其他占位病变等。腋淋巴结位于腋窝蜂窝脂肪组织中，分为外侧淋巴结、胸肌淋巴结、肩胛下淋巴结、中央淋巴结和尖淋巴结 5 群。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">注意识别胸小肌，胸小肌是乳腺癌淋巴结转移定位的重要标志，胸小肌位于胸大肌深层，起自第 3-5 肋骨前面，止于肩胛骨喙突。胸小肌外侧的淋巴结是第 1 水平，胸小肌深面的淋巴结是第Ⅱ水平，胸小肌内侧的淋巴结是第Ⅲ水平。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6．注意事项：(1) 检查时需各检查断面相互覆盖，不能有遗漏区域。(2) 检查速度不宜太快，宜匀速滑行。发现可疑病变时，可联合使用多种检查手法。(3) 探头与皮肤表面尽量垂直，检查时不宜过度加压，以免改变肿块形态、位置等，特别是在检查肿块血流时，加压会使小血管难以显示。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(4) 发现肿块后，探头轻放于肿块的皮肤表面，运用彩色多普勒超声显示病变部位是否有血流信号。如果有明显的血流信号，应使用脉冲多普勒模式，测量血流速度和阻力指数等血流参数。(5) 对乳头溢液，特别是乳头溢血的患者，应观察乳头回声的均匀性、乳头和乳晕深面及周围有无导管扩张、管壁是否光滑、导管内或导管周围有无异常回声或肿块。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(6) 注意肿块的解剖层次，将乳腺肿块与皮肤占位病变、皮下脂肪层的占位病变、胸壁占位病变鉴别。常规观察乳腺后方的胸壁结构，注意识别肋软骨。(7) 除注重检查手法外，强调问诊和触诊，并结合其他影像资料，以减少漏诊。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">五、仪器操作</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．总增益和时间增益补偿：以图像清晰、层次分明为标准。调节时间增益补偿时，按深度逐渐补偿。远场增益过低会导致远场图像太黑，远场增益过高导致近场图像太亮。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．检查深度：以图像能够充分显示乳腺和胸壁结构为标准，通常远场深度调节到刚好显示胸膜为佳。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．聚焦点数目和位置：聚焦点数目 1-3 个，聚焦点位置与腺体深度一致，发现病灶时及时调节到病灶所在的深度。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4．局部放大：对于较小病变，可选择局部放大功能观察病变及其周围。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">六、测量方法</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．肿块大小：包括最长径、与之垂直断面的短径和前后径。在测量肿块大小时，如果低回声肿块周边有增强回声晕（晕环征可能代表肿瘤对周围组织的浸润），其径线测量应包括周边回声增强的不规则外缘，不能只限于低回声区。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．导管：导管扩张时测量导管的管径，需在导管长轴断面测量。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">七、病变定位</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．时钟定位法：最为常用，定位精确，便于病变活检、手术、介入治疗、临床随访和影像对比。发现病变时，参照时钟表盘形式定位。对主要病变应明确标明病变的以下特点：(1)病变所在乳腺侧别；(2)几点钟位置；(3)距离乳头的距离，通常以厘米 (cm) 为单位。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．象限定位法：对于较大肿块，可采用象限定位法。以乳头为中心，经过乳头的水平线和垂直线将乳腺分为 4 个象限，即外上象限、外下象限、内上象限和内下象限，乳头和乳晕所在区域为中央区。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．解剖层次定位：乳腺区域的病变大多数来自乳腺的腺体层，少数来自皮肤、皮下脂肪或胸壁，应明确注明病变的解剖层次。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">八、正常乳腺超声表现</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由浅至深，正常乳腺结构可分为 3 层，即皮肤、皮下脂肪层、腺体层。Cooper 韧带为穿行于其间的线状高回声，乳腺导管呈纤细单线或双线样的稍高回声。乳腺以脂肪回声为等回声，作为判断乳腺病变回声强度的参考。女性乳腺腺体厚度、回声强度以及乳腺内脂肪组织的含量个体差异很大，与年龄和是否哺乳有密切关系。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">九、乳腺超声新技术</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">随着科学技术的不断进步和发展，乳腺超声检查方法、指标也不断的改善和出现。临床上可以根据需要选择相应技术。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1．超声造影：利用微泡的散射原理进行血管显像的技术，主要用于关注组织和病灶是否存在微小血管、评估血流量、进行靶向治疗、鉴别乳腺良恶性病变等。与彩色超声和多普勒超声比较，其观察的血管更小、血流速度更低，是评价组织和病灶血流灌注的较为可靠指标。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2．弹性超声成像：根据各种不同组织的弹性系数不同，但外力或交变振动作用于组织和器官后，可以引起不同形态改变（应变），观察和分析被检测体受压迫前、后反射的回波信号获取各深度上的位移量，计算出变形程度，再以灰阶或彩色编码成像。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">乳腺内不同组织的弹性系数各不相同，弹性系数从大到小排列为：浸润性导管癌 > 非浸润性导管癌 > 乳腺纤维化 > 乳腺 > 脂肪组织。组织弹性系数越大表示组织的硬度越大。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3．超声光学散射成像：利用超声光散射双模式成像系统对肿块二维超声信息（部位、大小、形态、边界、内部回声、后方回声有无衰减、纵横比）和光学参数（利用多波段光子检测肿块组织中血红蛋白含量和血氧饱和度分布）综合处理得出综合诊断指数，辅助诊断乳腺肿块及其良、恶性。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4．全自动超声容积显像：对乳腺肿块显示画面更细腻、客观，鉴别肿块良、恶性价值较肯定，可显示多中心性恶性病灶、辅助术前分期及定位，克服了传统二维超声不可重复及主观性强的缺点，有较好的应用前景，尤其对规范超声检查过程、全面扫查和远程会诊具有较大优势。</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">文章摘自《中华放射学杂志》</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><br /></span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);">广州市设备维修有限公司</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">地址：广州市天河区银利街银利茶叶博览中心E栋4楼E4030室 </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">邮编：510507</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">电话：(+86)020-8722 8723 8764 5360 8764 2943 </span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">传真：020-8722 8623</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">全国统一免费服务热线：400-020-6788</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">微信公众帐号：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dx3KibwtDhvfCZvZq5PcthnDKlnnq3AalhbichW77J3B70osicTickklZybNKUZqc44DZ0oaWaHm2p0TaA9478icwPg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="120" width="auto" style="box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">维修咨询：QQ: 712638 404</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">设备咨询: QQ: 712638 405</span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 24.381px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">软件咨询：QQ: 712638 406</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">配件咨询：QQ: 712638 407</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">交流Q群：1106 11074</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">网址：http://www.yiliaoshebeiweixiu.com</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span><br /></p>
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发表于 2020-10-19 23:33:29