维修技巧之四—（上）

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                    <p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; text-align: center; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">技巧<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">集成电路代换</span></span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>一、直接代换</strong></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span>直接代换是指用其他<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>不经任何改动而直接取代原来的<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>，代换后不影响机器的主要性能与指标。<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其代换原则是：代换<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的功能、性能指标、封装形式、引脚用途、引脚序号和间隔等几方面均相同。其中<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的功能相同不仅指功能相同；还应注意逻辑极性相同，即输出输入电平极性、电压、电流幅度必须相同。例如：放<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>，<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">TA7607</span>与<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">TA7611</span>，前者为反向高放<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AGC</span>，后者为正向高放<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AGC</span>，故不能直接代换。除此之外还有输出不同极性<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AFT</span>电压，输出不同极性的同步脉冲等<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>都不能直接代换，即使是同一公司或厂家的产品，都应注意区分。性能指标是指<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的主要电参数（或主要特性曲线）、最大耗散功率、最高工作电压、频率范围及各信号输入、输出阻抗等参数要与原<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>相近。功率小的代用件要加大散热片。其中<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.</span>同一型号<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的代换<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同一型号<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的代换一般是可靠的，安装集成电路时，要注意方向不要搞错，否则，通电时集成电路很可能被烧毁。有的单列直插式功放<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>，虽型号、功能、特性相同，但引脚排列顺序的方向是有所不同的。例如，双声道功放<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC LA4507</span>，其引脚有“正”、“反”之分，其起始脚标注（色点或凹坑）方向不同；没有后缀与后缀为<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">"R"</span>的<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>等<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">,</span>例如<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">M5115P</span>与<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">M5115RP.<o:p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.</span>不同型号<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的代</strong><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><o:p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)</span>型号前缀字母相同、数字不同<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的代换。这种代换只要相互间的引脚功能完全相同，其内部电路和电参数稍有差异，也可相互直接代换。如：伴音中放<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC LA1363</span>和<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">LA1365</span>，后者比前者在<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>第⑤脚内部增加了一个稳压二极管，其它完全一样。<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><o:p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(2)</span>型号前缀字母不同、数字相同<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的代换。一般情况下，前缀字母是表示生产厂家及电路的类别，前缀字母后面的数字相同，大多数可以直接代换。但也有少数，虽数字相同，但功能却完全不同。例如，<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">HA1364</span>是伴音<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>，而<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">uPC1364</span>是色解码<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>；<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4558</span>，<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8</span>脚的是运算放大器<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">NJM4558,14</span>脚的是<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">CD4558</span>数字电路；故二者完全不能代换。<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><o:p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></o:p></span></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0pt; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: &#39;Hiragino Sans GB&#39;, &#39;Microsoft YaHei&#39;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; line-height: 19.5pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(3)</span>型号前缀字母和数字都不同<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>的代换。有的厂家引进未封装的<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">IC</span>芯片，然后加工成按本厂命名的产品。还有如为了提高某些参数指标而改进产品。这些产品常用不同型号进行命名或用型号后缀加以区别。例如，<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AN380</span>与<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">uPC1380</span>可以直接代换；<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AN5620</span>、<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">TEA5620</span>、<span lang="EN-US" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">DG5620</span>等可以直接代换。</p><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; line-height: 24.381px;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">地址：广州市天河区银利街银利茶叶博览中心E栋4楼E4030室 &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: 0em; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">邮编：510507</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">电话：(+86)020-8722 8723 &nbsp; &nbsp;8764 5360 &nbsp; &nbsp;8764 2943 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">传真：020-8722 8623</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">全国统一免费服务热线：400-020-6788</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">微信公众帐号：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dx3KibwtDhvfCZvZq5PcthnDKlnnq3AalhbichW77J3B70osicTickklZybNKUZqc44DZ0oaWaHm2p0TaA9478icwPg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="120" width="auto" style="box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">维修咨询：QQ: &nbsp;712638 404</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">设备咨询: &nbsp; QQ: &nbsp;712638 405</span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 24.381px; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em;">软件咨询：QQ: 712638 406</span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">配件咨询：QQ: &nbsp; 712638 407</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">交流Q群：1106 11074</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">网址：http://www.yiliaoshebeiweixiu.com</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em; white-space: normal; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.75em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">电子邮箱：service@yiliaoshebeiweixiu.com</span></p><p><br  /></p>