|
<section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>间歇指令通气及其临床应用</p></section> <p><img src="image/20201019/1c47c68127b0851bae70497f93a615ca_1.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p> 间歇指令通气(Intermitternt Mondatory Ventilation, IMV):</p><p> 在自主呼吸的同时,呼吸机定时地以预先设定的较低的呼吸频率给肺送气的通气模式称为间歇指令通气,是自主呼吸与控制机械通气混合的呼吸模式,适用于患者有一定呼吸能力时。呼吸机间歇提供固定容量的呼吸, 但机械通气频率必须少于患者自主呼吸频率。</p><p> 这一通气模式和下面的同步间歇指令通气具有以下优点:(1)降低气道平均压,易于减少气压伤和对血流动力学的不利影响。自主呼吸成分越大,这一优点越明显。(2)可避免过度通气和呼吸性碱中毒。(3)可锻炼呼吸肌,避免呼吸肌废用性萎缩。(4)可帮助停机和拔管。(5)可改善V/Q比值失调,进而改善气体交换。(6)可减少镇静剂用量。</p><p><br /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>同步间歇指令通气及其临床应用</p></section> <p><img src="image/20201019/1c47c68127b0851bae70497f93a615ca_1.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p> 同步间歇指令通气(Synchronized Intermitternt Mandatory Ventilation, SIMV):<span> </span></p><p> 间歇指令通气时,呼吸机送气和自主呼吸各自独立。到达设定的送气时间时,无论患者处于吸气或呼气相,均要给肺送气。如果呼吸机送气正处于患者呼气时,势必造成人机对抗。为克服这一缺点,现代呼吸机的IMV均由自主呼吸触发,称为同步间歇指令通气。</p><p> 该通气模式是自主呼吸和机控通气的结合。SIMV让病人在有规律的指定周期内自主呼吸,而余下的周期内提供最低通气的机控通气。最低通气受制于VT和f,取决于两者的乘积。预先设定触发灵敏度、f、流速和VT。呼吸机的触发使得机控通气在触发窗内与病人的自主吸气努力同步。各呼吸机厂商对触发窗的设定不尽相同。对于德尔格呼吸机来说,成人模式:5秒,小儿模式:1.5秒。若呼气时间低于5秒或1.5秒,触发窗为整个呼气时间。但是呼吸机通过一定的调节可保持通气频率的恒定。</p><p> 如果病人的吸气容量在触发窗的起始阶段很大,呼吸机通过降低吸气流速和吸气时间来降低指令通气,从而保持VT恒定,避免肺过度充气。在自主呼吸阶段可以辅以ASB。在脱机阶段,可通过降低f,从而延长自主呼吸的时间,直至所需的分钟通气量完全由自主呼吸来完成。</p><p> 与上述的控制和辅助通气模式比较,SIMV具有与 IMV相同的优点,而且克服了后者的人机不同步问题。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/1ccb8db8784a2095264c3fd8702bdf92_3.jpg" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>欢</p></section></section></section> </section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>迎</p></section></section></section> </section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>关</p></section></section></section> </section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>注</p></section></section></section> </section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/76cd8a7bc1404160c097df85b646aa7c_4.jpg" /></p></section></section></section> </section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section> </section></section></section> </section><section> <section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>关注我们</p><p>一起涨姿势!</p></section></section></section> </section></section></section></section>
|
|