乳腺那点事儿

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                    <p><span>*本文部分内容转自：小大夫漫画</span></p><p><span><strong><br  /></strong></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/2c049ec95fe9fadd50bcc3d5105fa471_1.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/3416644ce03ef70ff0134f4a2b70dd44_2.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/5493b01e0439c33cf837f2c009238eae_3.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/4491f9fa08522cb27e70d03b37b5ad75_4.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/37916afb41550fbc57fef0423106efa3_5.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/1c9a71479c422e46994a337eb30f5ff7_6.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/d26eb6f4058f6353b9c3b37c341e1e37_7.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/d13ddb7cd54dd2bb9819e5d4dea4100f_8.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/2188910cbb3f70c5b9a9c2263ccc92d1_9.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/92a6738fa2a40724ee9191817bca43fa_10.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/6bc09520d475a73fe5c32cce1250efed_11.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/9a3ec6fd9bb39dde7cf9bb51c4f48a43_12.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/795dbdc42e3b7e0dc0f0e1f9b2161d0e_13.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/0b9e671a66d33c37db033ef638fca4d0_14.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/6d2cf950a190d2c4c75dea14aaffd93c_15.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/d2d0e0b7de74d80f63d623b2465f6ee5_16.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/9d2386caa435b5ecb0445727dafda604_17.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/745b9de7ccca8b493abe271f5219d815_18.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ebbff60a9d952f6bd66bd380777e91bc_19.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/631bce1e3b339d5c4d7efceff412031e_20.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/6ba51deedc4e53e93ea0b2f2434977c7_21.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/10a5462bdd5267520fa98b8e810424af_22.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/83e1287fc75947b122c959ff9ca1e0aa_23.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/33416dd968c6acfa181c22b5197db54d_24.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/285d0014a57e20c3df113d0a8a777685_25.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/5c3963cc7d7c951643dc1281dc9abeef_26.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/424073f3252b61fe7f900df835df16b6_27.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/5540b11570a083d332772767b899f297_28.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/32caf4815d091cf44a8b28f5b9faa444_29.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/71431ba68b84efa1760568a66e63489b_30.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/790d26906413807351cc2c86abb46163_31.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ae4cdc3a2207333369fa39238e2e785c_32.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f7f06926baf6bbabf6e69d263551c53e_33.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/2651f271388ec8c3f7e182be38ea9ca4_34.jpg" /></p></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f5032366e70b95d407eb6a39cd1809dd_35.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>下面专门说说<strong>乳房肿块</strong>，这是不少女性面临的健康问题。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/379f132487e0fae69c876b12eb5f95f8_36.jpg" /></p><br  /></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>当在乳房上发现肿块，是否就意味着患上了可怕的乳腺癌呢？</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>其实未必，乳房肿块只是一个现象，消除肿块之前，需弄清肿块为何物，以便对症处理。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>不要在不知其然的情况下，先自己把自己吓个半死。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>下文就来帮助大家一起辨识那些形形色色的乳房肿块。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><strong><span>囊肿型肿块</span></strong></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong>成因：</strong></span>乳腺感染化脓引起脓肿；调节月经的激素分泌失调也可能导致囊肿型肿块。</p><p><span><strong>特点：</strong></span>疼痛，手指按摩肿块处感觉平滑，局部皮肤温度增高，50岁以上的女性通常不会生长这种肿块。</p><p><span><strong>治疗：</strong></span>抽出脓肿、消炎处理，或者调节内分泌。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><span><strong>皮脂囊肿</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span>成因：</span></strong>毛囊导管堵塞，导致皮脂分泌物淤积。</p><p><strong><span>特点：</span></strong>疼痛，触感与囊肿型肿块大致一样。</p><p><strong><span>治疗：</span></strong>在突出处开一个小孔，将堵塞物抽离即可。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><span><strong>乳腺脓肿</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong>成因：</strong></span>细菌经乳头侵入乳房组织，使乳腺管发生感染，形成一个化脓的组织感染区。</p><p><span><strong>特点：</strong></span>局部发红，有触痛的肿块，发热，手指触摸局部有波动感。</p><p><span><strong>处理：</strong></span>局部热敷，抗感染治疗，脓肿形成后切开引流。</p><p><br  /></p><p>PS:如果是哺乳期的妇女应该停止哺乳，及时排空乳汁。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><span><strong>脂肪肿块</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong>成因：</strong></span>乳房脂肪发生变化，而产生的圆形肿块。</p><p><span><strong>特点：</strong></span>触摸起来较硬，皮肤表面可能会变红。</p><p><span><strong>治疗：</strong></span>这类肿块通常会不治而愈。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><span><strong>乳腺纤维腺瘤</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong>成因：</strong></span>雌激素水平偏高，雌激素过度刺激导致乳腺导管异常增生形成肿瘤。</p><p><span><strong>特点：</strong></span>多发于20~30岁之间的女性，为良性肿瘤，双手能触摸到无痛性肿块，多呈圆形或卵圆形，边界清楚，活动度大。</p><p><span><strong>治疗：</strong></span>手术切除。未婚女性选择在婚前切除；婚后未孕的病人，应在计划怀孕前切除；孕期发现者，宜在怀孕3~6个月间行手术切除。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><span><strong>乳腺小叶增生</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong>成因：</strong></span>在每一次月经周期里受雌激素和黄体素周期性影响，导致乳腺组织增生与复旧的变化。</p><p><span><strong>特点：</strong></span>小叶增生通常发生于双侧乳腺，但其中一侧更为明显。常感觉乳房胀痛，特别是月经来潮前一周内尤甚。月经来潮后胀痛缓解，乃至消失。</p><p><span><strong>治疗：</strong></span>不需要特殊处理，保持心情舒畅，避免长期使用含有激素的化妆美容品。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="39" data-color="rgb(25, 174, 165)"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="391"><section><section><section><span><strong>乳腺癌</strong></span></section></section><section data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px"><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong>成因：</strong></span>在月经初潮过早，或遗传，或不婚育，或电离辐射等因素作用下，导致乳腺上皮细胞发生基因突变，致使细胞增生失控。由于癌细胞的生物行为发生了改变，呈现出无序、无限制的恶性增生。</p><p><span><strong>特点：</strong></span>乳腺肿块（形状不规则，它会黏附皮肤或者深层的组织，边界不清晰，因此不能用手指推动这类肿块。）、乳腺疼痛（不触按情况下）、乳头溢液（血性、水样、脓样、乳汁样等）、乳头内陷、乳房皮肤改变（橘皮样改变）、腋窝淋巴结肿大。</p><p><span><strong>治疗：</strong></span>手术结合放、化疗综合治疗。</p></section></section></section><span></span></section><p><span>看到这里，你应该知道了乳房肿块的种类有这些种，所以一旦发现“意外”，先别着急给自己判癌症的刑，弄清楚疾病再治疗。</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>Tips:保护乳房，日常自我检查十分重要，能在早期发现乳房疾病中起着关键的作用。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>每一名成年女性都应该学会乳房自我检查。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>如何自查呢？</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>乳房自我检查的时机：月经结束后1周；</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>乳房自我检查的手法：手指并拢，用食指、中指和无名指的指腹部位触摸，不能用手指抓捏乳房；检测左侧乳房用右手，检测右侧乳房用左手；</span></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/67148a69b586b36fcf1d3ab04875b502_37.png" /></p><br  /></span></p><p><span>乳房自我检查的顺序：</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>内上→外上<span>→</span>外下<span>→</span>内下<span>→</span>中部<span>→</span>腋下。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>乳房自查的具体流程：</span></p><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><br  /></section></section><span><section>一看：</section></span></section></section></section></section><p><span></span><br  /></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/1fdbe26743798aa6f18973d33bf206dc_38.png" /></p><br  /></span><span>看有无乳头凹陷、皮肤异常、局部红肿</span></p><p><span></span></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><br  /></section></section><span><section>二摸：</section></span></section></section></section></section><p><span></span><br  /></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/21fa89a3eaa499935f5a7a9d3158445c_39.png" /></p><br  /></span></p><p><span>有无质地硬肿块、增厚团块、腋下淋巴结</span><br  /></p><p><span></span></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><br  /></section></section><span><section>三挤：</section></span></section></section></section></section><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/387ba1f31aa55691829ecff03b6c5518_40.png" /></p><br  /></span><span>看是否存在乳头溢液</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>乳房自检只是最初级的自我检查方法，仍不能代替专科医生检查。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>所以，除了在家定期的自我检查之外，每年还应进行1-2次的乳房专科检查，40岁以上的女性，每年还需要做1次钼靶。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span><strong><span>此外，我们还可以注意生活中这些细节，轻松远离乳腺疾病——</span></strong></span></p><p><span><strong><span>饮食：</span></strong><span>合理膳食、少食辛辣、控制荤菜、戒烟限酒；</span></span></p><p><span><strong><span>运动：</span></strong><span>适量运动、控制体重；</span></span></p><p><span><strong><span>情绪：</span></strong><span>充足睡眠、心情舒畅；</span></span></p><p><span><strong><span>检查：</span></strong><span>思想重视、提倡自查、定期检查、早期发现。</span></span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-id="1658"><section><section><section data-id="1658"><section><section><section data-id="1658"><section><section><section data-id="1658"><section><section><p><span><strong>相关阅读</strong></span></p></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ec237188ae1e9c03eb4d9814f31b18ab_41.jpg" /></p></p><p><span>升级版“粉红行动”——GE医疗携手国家癌症中心了！</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>【揭秘】中国癌症患者生存率不到美国一半的真相！</span><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/da0d101cb2763cefb61f8120386ec54a_42.png" /></p><br  /></p>