那些年，我们误解的放疗……

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                    <p><br  /></p><p></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>肿瘤科普之</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>那些年，我们误解的放疗</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section>&nbsp;</section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><section><section 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powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>●●●</strong></p><p><strong>普通老百姓将放疗俗称“烤电”，其实这一称呼并不确切。尤其是对</strong><strong>于质子重离子治疗而言，其毒副作用更小，治疗疗效更优，与“烤电”完全搭不上边。</strong></p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><strong>放射治疗是指：利用放射治疗设备产生的能量等级不同的射线照射肿瘤，达到抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、杀灭肿瘤细胞的目的一种治疗手段。</strong></p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p><strong>由于常规放射线照射肿瘤的同时会不可避免的损伤皮肤正常组织，导致皮肤发生不良反应，引起皮肤色素沉着增多、变红甚至变黑，与使用治疗设备烘烤皮肤（“烤电”）引起局部温度升高造成的皮肤反应相似。然而实质上，两者的作用机制并不相同。</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/5f5bbd8edf4d3872ff98f2edde7e4b46_3.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>放疗能够“包治百病”吗？</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>无论是单独应用，或是与其他治疗联合应用，<span>放疗治疗肿瘤都有一定的适应证</span>，应根据医生的建议施行</strong><strong>。遵照肿瘤的规范化治疗以及患者的一般情况进行综合考虑。</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/0ed11a3ee778c1c1c0a9b5ceb7dcab3e_4.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp;<strong><span>放疗后身上有辐射吗？</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>很多患者认为，既然是用放射线治疗肿瘤，那身上自然而然会带有辐射。<span>这个想法是错误的！</span></strong></p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><strong>事实上，目前大多数患者接受的是外照射治疗，在离开治疗室之后，患者身上并不携带高能射线，不会对周围人群造成影响。</strong></p></section></section></section></section><p><img src="image/20201014/499ddc077cd1fb9dedb170e544d50163_5.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><p><strong>放疗只需1个疗程<br  /></strong></p></section><section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/1efa6bc5241879ebb69a1bf084a6866e_6.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>放疗和化疗一样，</strong></span></p><p><span><strong>需要多疗程吗？</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>放疗与化疗不同，放射治疗只需1个疗程即完成治疗。</strong></span></p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><strong>根据肿瘤性质与治疗目的的不同，放射治疗1个疗程一般持续数周的时间，期间照射频率多为1次/天，照射时长约15分钟/次，每周5次（周六、日休息）</strong><strong>。</strong></p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><span><strong>质子重离子治疗，作为放射治疗的一种，也遵循其基本规律，即每位患者也</strong></span><span><strong>仅需接受1个疗程的治疗，即可完成治疗出院，</strong></span><span><strong>不存在多疗程治疗的情况</strong></span><span><strong>。只是照射次数和时长等，会根据肿瘤大小、类型的不同，略有差异。</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/784c5369948b077b773de93acb783b0a_7.png" /></p><section><section></section><section></section><section></section></section><section><section></section><section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>放疗可以“开盖即食”吗？</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong><span>对于进行三维适形或调强适性放疗的患者，医生需要根据不同的治疗目的，进行放疗的准备工作。在“制模”与“定位”之后，医生需要根据患者“定位”扫描的层面逐层勾画靶区，然后交由放射物理师制定放疗计划。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></p><p><strong><span>整个过程根据计划的难易</span></strong><strong><span>程度耗时也不尽相同，并最终由临床</span></strong><strong><span>医师最终确认计划。对于更为复杂的质子重离子放疗而言，前期准备工作更是需要面面俱到。</span></strong></p><p><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></p><p><strong><span>医生会尽量缩短</span></strong><strong><span>患者的</span></strong><strong><span>治疗前等待时间，但为了</span></strong><span><strong><span>制定安全、有效</span></strong><strong><span>的治疗方案</span></strong></span><strong><span>，还是</span></strong><strong><span>需要患者积极的配合和耐心等待。</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/34396217d4f3671d2a7d123b92b9fe60_8.png" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>放疗后就“万事大吉”了吗？<br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>放疗结束并不代表肿瘤治疗结束。</strong></p><p><strong>在与肿瘤的斗争过程中，还需要时时警惕肿瘤这个“敌人”是否会“回头”（复发），或“搬家”（转移）。</strong></p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><strong>根据不同肿瘤类型，医生会开具不同的随访检查项目。应根据医生的要求，按时就诊。就诊时如实提供病情变化相关的临床信息及检查结果，以便医生做出后续治疗相关的决策。</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><span><strong>患者需要“谈光色变”吗？</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/75633595531dd66ad473511cc454c96d_9.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><strong>放疗与肿瘤的其他治疗（手术、化疗等）一样，根据肿瘤的性质、部位、放疗范围的不同，可能引起全身与局部正常组织不良反应，大多数不良反应患者仍可以较好地耐受。目前，放射治疗已经被作为积极治疗的手段之一，应用于部分肿瘤的治疗中。</strong></p><p><br  /></p><p><strong>放疗期间，患者应尽量保持乐观的情绪，提供真实可靠的病史信息，积极配合医护人员，做好放疗前的准备以及放疗期间和放疗后的随访工作，提高治疗的效果。</strong></p><p><strong><br  /></strong></p><p><span><strong>对于接受质子重离子治疗的患者来说，治疗期间其本身并没有什么感觉。由于射线的特性，质子重离子治疗会在保护正常组织的基础上对肿瘤细胞进行杀灭，故而患者不用再“谈光色变”了。</strong></span></p><p><span><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/64a10fdae3a64a0fd6f8015b94d9cfee_10.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p></p><section data-id="1658"><section><section><p><span><strong>相关阅读</strong></span></p></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ec237188ae1e9c03eb4d9814f31b18ab_11.gif" 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