负压急救车！造起来究竟有多难？

admin · 发表于 2020-10-14 12:52:34

                  <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><span>新冠病毒传播力极强，目前已知的主要传播方式是飞沫传播和气溶胶传播，这个患者转移带来了极大的交叉感染风险，即使是救护车，也难以哪怕救治设施齐全，却无法防止病毒扩散，因此，具有良好封闭性的负压救护车，成了疫情之中极其重要的特殊装备。</span><br  /></section><section><br  /></section><section><strong> 负压救护车的独特之处 </strong></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>不久前，报道了美军为了空中转运如新冠患者这类有极强传染风险病人而特质的转运装备<strong>CBCS集装箱式生物控制运输系统</strong>，与地面转运装备相似的是，这一类转运设施都具备负压特点，那么什么是负压？</span></section><p><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></p><section><span>负压指的就是低于大气压力，负压设计能够将病毒控制在一个限定的范围内。做一个简单的类比，在工业生产中，如汽车发动机工厂，厂房内气压往往高于大气压（1.5倍左右）。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/6c42c94f991f9b1153f17b4087cac401_2.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>其目的是为了保证生产过程中要保证无尘生产，只要保证厂房内的气压高于大气压，外界的灰尘就不会进入工厂。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/7ad8e9033b44b39735bbcf31ab4d35d8_3.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>负压救护车的设计思路运用了无尘工厂的反向思路。降低车内气压，车内的病毒就不会扩散到车外，这一设计在抗击SARS和埃博拉病毒中已久经实战考验。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/ee72cc7d7255c0668132fd80da988789_4.jpg" /></p></section><section><span> </span></section><section><span>负压救护车有着基本统一的设计标准，车体驾驶舱与 医疗舱完全隔离，医疗舱配置独立的进、排气系统。进气系统位于车厢顶部，排气系统位于车厢底部。进排气系统均配备高效率空气过滤器，对0.3微米的颗粒物过滤率达99.9%，车厢内布置紫外线局部消毒设备，车内空气在经过无害化处理后才能排出车外。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/23b0a701f8c21e7791a2785bfb5b571f_5.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>保证负压救护车气压的秘密是进、排风量，负压救护车的进风量为200立方米/每小时，排风量为400立方米/每小时，因此负压救护车医疗舱内的气压始终低于大气压力。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/8dced89e4ac47f02b01fe3203bf8e1c7_6.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>此外，因为医疗舱需要全面消毒，所以车厢内部通常使用耐腐蚀材料，比较高端的医疗舱内部选用的是不锈钢材料。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>虽然负压救护车能够防止病毒扩散到车外，但医护人员仍然会与患者产生直接接触，因此负压救护车通常还会配备隔离舱，患者在隔离舱内可以避免与医护人员物理接触。从防护设计看，负压救护车对患者和医护人员都提供了周全的保护。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span><strong>制造负压救护车难在哪？</strong></span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>了解完负压救护车的原理和作用，我们再来了探讨第二个问题——制造负压救护车究竟难在哪？</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span><strong><span>生产一辆负压救护车要多久？</span></strong></span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/5f7b8f4f5d3ccf47032d9e3415d86bb2_7.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>负压救护车是从普通救护车底盘上改装而来，生产流程更加繁琐，一般的基型车生产周期在10天左右，在基型车底盘上改装负压救护车需要20天左右，改装工序依次为拆装、焊接、涂装、总装。因此，按照平时的生产状态，生产一辆车负压救护车需要一个月的时间。特殊时期加紧生产的前提下，生产周期可极限压缩至10天左右。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span><strong><span>为什么生产一辆负压救护车要这么久？</span></strong></span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/ebe56eeb47dfe93e7e5a7adc3c665b8c_8.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>在无疫情时，负压救护车需求量很小，通常只作为地方储备物资。此外负压救护车的零部件供应商比较分散，并且，某些零件的供应商十分不幸，就在新冠疫情重灾区湖北，更影响生产效率。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>受疫情的影响，部分地区实行管制，负压救护车部分配套企业也处于交通管制地区，在工信部和地方的协调下，这些零件通过铁路运输等方式运到生产企业，现在生产已经全面恢复。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span><strong><span>负压救护车产能有多大？</span></strong></span></section><section><br  /></section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/a9e54132c02a85a77901bc9d00ae7fb0_9.jpg" /></p></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>国内生产负压救护车的企业只有江铃、上汽大通、北汽福田和华晨金杯等为数不多几家企业。</span><span>以江铃为例，1月24日开始生产，一直到2月5日，一共生产了53辆负压救护车。</span><span>疫情发生后，这些企业接到了一千多个订单，要想尽快交付给当地医院，还需加紧生产。</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><span>在对抗新型冠状病毒的关键时期，我们不仅能看到医疗器械企业对疫情前线的无私奉献，更能看到来自社会各界力量的同仇敌忾，上汽通用五菱、比亚迪以及广汽等国内车企已经开始生产口罩。相信在全国各地企业齐心协力之下，这次疫情会尽快结束，武汉加油！</span></section><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" 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