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生化试剂的基础知识

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发表于 2020-10-21 13:25:13 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

                    

                    

                    
                    
                    <p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(99, 36, 35); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、生化试剂的分类</strong></span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(一)按照化学性质分类</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.酶类:</span></strong>包括ALT,AST,ALP,ACP,r-GT,α-HBDH,LDH,CK,CK-MB,α-AMY,MSO,ADA,ChE等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.底物/代谢产物类</span></strong>:包括TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,UA,UREA,Cr,Glu,TP,Alb,T-Bil,TBA,NH4+,CO2等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.无机离子类:</span></strong>包括Ca,P,Mg,Cl等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.特种蛋白类:</span></strong>包括apoAl,apoB,Lp(a),C3,C4,PFB(B因子),IgG,IgA,IgM等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(二)按照临床应用分类</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.无机离子:</span></strong>包括Ca,P,Mg,Cl等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.肝功能</span></strong>:包括ALT,AST,r-GT,ALP,MSO,T-Bil,D-Bil,TBA,TP,Alb等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.肾功能</span></strong>:UA,UREA,Cr等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.心肌酶谱:</span></strong>CK,CK-MB,LDH,α-HBDH,AST,MSO。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.糖尿病:</span></strong>GLU等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.前列腺疾病:</span></strong>ACP,p-ACP等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7.胰腺炎</span></strong>:α-AMY。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8.血脂:</span></strong>TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,apoA1,apoB,Lp(a)。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">9.痛风:</span></strong>UA。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">10.有机磷中毒:</span></strong>ChE。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(95, 73, 122); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 11.免疫性疾病:</span></strong>C3,C4,PFB(B因子), IgG,IgA,IgM,Kappa链,Lambda链。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(99, 36, 35); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、反应速度特性</span></strong></p><p style="">按照反应速度,可以分为终点法试剂和动力学试剂。而动力学试剂又可再分为零级动力学法和一级动力学法。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(一)终点法试剂</span></strong></p><p style="">终点法,指经过一段时间(一般为几分钟)的反应,反应进行到完全,使全部底物(被测物)转变成产物,称终点法,更确切地说应称平衡法,这是最理想的分析类型。如图(1)。</p><p style=""><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/CVVMQ5yy7zh6gtNYwD1CsNh9FS3Mic6RA9gPNdhcWp32rFRv6Btu1hQLqbHA1ZV3gVGLXRKrWqWSZliaXXuVBD0Q/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.6470588235294118" data-w="374" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/CVVMQ5yy7zh6gtNYwD1CsNh9FS3Mic6RA9gPNdhcWp32rFRv6Btu1hQLqbHA1ZV3gVGLXRKrWqWSZliaXXuVBD0Q/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="">整个反应达到平衡,由于正向反应的平衡常数很大,可认为所有的被测定物已转变为产物,反应液的吸光度不再增加(或降低),吸光度的增加(或降低)程度与被测定物的浓度成正比。</p><p style="">终点法对反应条件(如酶量、pH、温度)小的改变不敏感,只要这种改变不影响在一定时间内反应达到平衡即可,是最理想的反应模型。</p><p style="">属于终点法的试剂主要有:<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,UA,Glu,TP,Alb,T-Bil,D-Bil,Cr(氧化酶法),NH4+,CO2 , Ca,P,Mg,Cl , apoA1,apoB,Lp(a),C3,C4,PFB(B因子),IgG,IgA,IgM等。</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(二)动力学法试剂</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.零级动力学法</span></strong></p><p style="">零级动力学法,指反应过程中反应速度维持不变,达到最大,与底物浓度无关,因此,在整个反应过程中,反应物可以匀速地生成某个产物,导致被测定溶液在某一波长下吸光度均匀地减小或增加,减小或增加的速度(△A/min)与被测物的活性或浓度成正比,主要用于酶活性的测定。如图(2)。</p><p style=""><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/CVVMQ5yy7zh6gtNYwD1CsNh9FS3Mic6RAoskZZDiagZLnyha5vpQnbibNtHoNCcKgssuJdY0fJCbIFwjC2kicguUtw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.8537234042553191" data-w="376" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/CVVMQ5yy7zh6gtNYwD1CsNh9FS3Mic6RAoskZZDiagZLnyha5vpQnbibNtHoNCcKgssuJdY0fJCbIFwjC2kicguUtw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="">实际上,由于底物浓度不可能足够大,随着反应的进行,底物消耗到一定程度后,反应速度不再维持不变,同样从启动反应到达到最大速度需要一定时间。因此,零级动力学法是针对特定时间而言的,各试剂商对这段时间有严格规定。</p><p style="">属于零级动力学法的试剂主要有:</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">ALT,AST,ALP,ACP,r-GT,α-HBDH,LDH,CK,CK-MB,α-AMY,MSO,ADA,ChE ,TBA等。</span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.一级动力学法</span></strong></p><p style="">在一定的反应时间内,反应速度与底物浓度的一次方成正比,由于底物在不断的消耗,因此整个反应的速度在不断的减少,表现为吸光度的增加(或降低)速度越来越小,这类反应达到平衡的时间很长,理论上可以在任意时间段进行监测,但由于血清成份复杂,反应刚启动时反应较复杂,杂反应较多,经过一段延迟时间才能进入稳定反应期,必需在特定时间段内进行监测,各试剂商对这段时间有严格规定。如图(3)。</p><p style=""><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/CVVMQ5yy7zh6gtNYwD1CsNh9FS3Mic6RArXAlCOGeCicZ9e3ibn9ButV0aAmLmFCKouNTcxS9kvXFRkrCMu5GRYjA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.656441717791411" data-w="326" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/CVVMQ5yy7zh6gtNYwD1CsNh9FS3Mic6RArXAlCOGeCicZ9e3ibn9ButV0aAmLmFCKouNTcxS9kvXFRkrCMu5GRYjA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="">在一固定时间间隔中,底物浓度的变化量正比于底物的初浓度,这是一级反应的同性。该段时间内吸光度的增加或降低与被测物的浓度成正比。</p><p style="">属于一级动力学法的试剂主要有:<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Cr(苦味酸法),UREA(紫外监测法)</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(99, 36, 35); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">三、显色原理</span></strong></p><p style="">显色系统主要有以下几种:</p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">NAD-NADH和NADP-NADPH系统</span></strong></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">p-NP和p-NA系统</span></strong></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">H2O2偶联的指示系统</span></strong></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">抗原抗体反应指示系统</span></strong></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其它显色反应</span></strong></p></li></ul><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(一)NAD-NADH和NADP-NADPH系统</span></strong></p><p style="">NADH和NADPH在340nm有特征性吸收峰,而NAD和NADP在340nm无特征性吸收峰,利用其偶联的脱氢酶(工具酶)反应,根据340nm吸光度的变化,可以测定物质的浓度或活性。</p><p style="">作为该指示系统常用的工具酶有LDH、MDH、GLDH和G6PDH</p><p style="">目前利用此指示系统进行测定的临床项目有:ALT、AST、CK、LDH、CK-MB、α-HBDH 、 Glu、UREA、NH4+ 、CO2等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(二)p-NP和p-NA系统</span></strong></p><p style="">p-NP和p-NA在405nm有特征性吸收峰,根据405nm吸光度的变化,可以测定物质的浓度或活性。</p><p style="">目前利用此指示系统进行测定的临床项目有ALP、ACP、r-GT、AMY等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(三)H2O2偶联的指示系统</span></strong></p><p style="">H2O2在过氧化物酶的作用下,可使单一个或成对的无色的色素原氧化成有色的色素,导致某一波长吸光度的增加,因此可用来测定物质的浓度或活性</p><p style="">用于此指示系统的单一色素原有TMB、ABTS等;成对色素原有酚和4AA、MBTH和DMA等。</p><p style="">目前利用此指示系统进行测定的临床项目有TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、Glu、Cr、UA等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(四)抗原抗体反应指示系统</span></strong></p><p style="">特异性抗体与抗原(待测物质)在相应的缓冲环境下反应生成抗原抗体复合物,形成一定的浊度,导致特定波长透光率的改变。在抗体过剩的前提下,改变程度与抗原浓度成正比。</p><p style="">目前利用此指示系统进行测定的临床项目有apoAI、apoB、Lp(a)、IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4、CRP等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(五)其它显色反应</span></strong></p><p style="">蛋白质中的肽键在碱性溶液中能与铜离子作用产生紫红色络合物,在一定浓度范围内颜色反应强度与蛋白质的浓度成正比。用于TP的测定。</p><p style="">溴甲酚绿(BCG)在非离子去污剂Brij-35的存在下,可与白蛋白形成紧密结合的绿色复合物。用于Alb的测定。</p><p style="">重氮苯磺酸盐与胆红素生成红紫色偶氮胆红素。用于总胆红素和直接胆红素的测定。</p><p style="">甲基麝香草酚兰(MTB)在碱性条件下可与Ca、Mg形成有色络合物。用于Ca、Mg的测定。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(99, 36, 35); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">四、性能评价方法</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(一)主要性能指标:</span></strong></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.稳定性:</span>指在规定条件下经过一段时间的保存,仍能达到相应的性能指标,如试剂空白吸光度、线性范围、灵敏度等。</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.反应灵敏度:</span>指单位浓度(或活性)的测定物反应所产生的反应度,反应度越高,灵敏度越大。</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.精密度:</span>结果间相互符合的一致程度</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.准确度:</span>与参考测定程序结果的一致性</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">5.线性范围:</span>在规定的重复性和线性偏差下,测得的浓度或活性值与设定的浓度或活性值之间的比例关系的范围。</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">6.基质效应</span>:基质指的是样品中被分析物以外的组分。基质常常对分析物的分析过程有显著的干扰,并影响分析结果的准确性。例如,溶液的离子强度会对分析物活度系数有影响,这些影响和干扰被称为基质效应(matrix effect)。</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">7.抗干扰性:</span></p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(217, 150, 148); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">8.其它:</span>试剂/样本比例、反应时间、价格等。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 55, 52); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(二)性能评价方法</span></strong></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 1.稳定性:</span></strong>连续观测,每日试验;热加速试验。</p><p style=""><strong style="font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 2.反应灵敏度</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">:直接计算单位浓度反应物的吸光 度变化或变化率。</span></p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 3.精密度:</span></strong>按照NCCLS EP5-A进行。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 4.准确度:</span></strong>按照NCCLS EP9-A2 进行。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 5.线性范围:</span></strong>按照NCCLS EP6-A 进行。</p><p style=""><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 6.基质效应:</span></strong>通过回收试验确定</p><p style=""><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 7.抗干扰性:</strong></span>按照NCCLS EP7-A进行。</p><hr style="white-space: normal;"  /><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="bkcolor" style="margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; background-color: rgb(191, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="line-height: 2em; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">ID: </span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">最具人气的医疗器械维修新媒体平台</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 11px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">分享医疗器械前沿动态、医疗器械维修经验</span>        </span></p><p style="white-space: normal; 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