【仁成医疗】B超系统的组成结构与工作原理分析

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                    <p><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22.5px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">常用的B超系统的扫描方式可分为相控扇扫和线阵扫描两种。</span><br style="list-style: none; line-height: 22.5px; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  /><br style="list-style: none; line-height: 22.5px; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  /><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22.5px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">线阵扫描B超系统的工作原理是将若干组超声换能器依直线排列，由控制系统控制，连续依次激励各组换能器，形成扫描波束。换能器接收回波信号。当前一组换能器完全接收回波后，下一相邻组换能器才开始工作。通过采用相控技术进行波束聚焦，使得回波信号得到增强，并将其送到信号处理系统，信号处理系统再将回波信号根据需要进行处理后，变成视频信号输出，供给显示器，图像记录仪进行记录。</span><br style="list-style: none; line-height: 22.5px; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  /><br style="list-style: none; line-height: 22.5px; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  /><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22.5px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">相控扇扫B超系统的原理与线阵扫描B超系统的基本一致，区别在于换能器的扫描控制方式。相控扇扫是利用控制器，按特定的时差规律顺序，使换能器被等级差时间延迟的激励脉冲激发发射超声波，通过不同相位超声波的功率叠加，形成特定角度的波束，改变各换能器的发射相位差，可以使波束角度改变，形成扇扫波束。</span><br style="list-style: none; line-height: 22.5px; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  /></p><p style="text-align:center"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dx3KibwtDhvcfGIkSgXuibiazWLnBw9FGiamILpWU8GPWcP0a615UQWHRYpHicnQjPjRgHm29rusGSVFppHIVWJNBdg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7553956834532374" data-w=""  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22.5px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">以相控阵超声系统为例来分析B型超声系统的主要结构和工作原理。结构可分为控制系统和成像系统两大部分。控制器系统部分是整个系统控制中心，它接受操作者的控制命令。成像系统又由扫描器子系统和扫描转换器子系统两部分组成，在扫描器子系统分配器单元及前端处理器单元能根据需要选择相应的探头，对探头发送激励电压，并且接受相应的回波信号，延时电路是扫描器的心脏部分，它分成粗延时和细延时两部分，提供发射和接收时聚焦和相控所需要的延时，图像检测电路和多普勒检测电路包括二维M方式下成像所需要的所有滤波和检测电路，以及对多普勒信号和血流信号进行检测处理，产生的超声回波合成信号供给扫描转换器子系统进行进一步处理。TGC电路产生对应于TGC前控制面版上设定的电压并为延时电路提供时钟信号。扫描器通过RS232与其他子系统通讯。扫描转换器子系统由以下部分组成：(1)扫描器I／O接口电路；(2)多普勒处理器单元；(3)彩色血流处理器电路对从扫描器I／O电路接收到的数字化血流信号进行检测，然后把血流信号和二维信号叠加在一起；(4)M方式、生理频谱电路把M方式生理信号、多普勒等数字信号，根据需要进行处理后，送人视频I／O接口板；(5)坐标变换电路利用特定的算法将声数据的报坐标信号变换成光输出的直角坐标信号；(6)图像存储器单元用于存储图像信号，供给视频输入输出电路；(7)图像处理单元；(8)视频输入／输出电路将各种图像、字符、信号合成输出到彩色监视器供操作者观察，同时向视频打印机和录像机提供视频信号。&nbsp;</span><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: Arial, 宋体, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22.5px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/dx3KibwtDhvcIQ1egrCBefYmpib7SiaywoellhBtjYE935VOaibTuXzicTIh4URXzN8zEbJO62ADBwTrfM2K0pueib6A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6600719424460432" data-w=""  /><br  /></span></p><p></p><p style="max-width: 100%; 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