超声设备电源电路分析

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                    <p><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">任何一台机器的正常工作，需要相应的可靠电源支持。电源质量的好坏直接决定了机器的工作稳定性。作为B超这样的高档诊断显像设备，电源质量的好坏更决定了其图像质量的高低。</span>东芝<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">SAL-32B型</span>B超<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">电源系统采用的是开关式直流稳压电源供电。使机器电源效率高、结构紧凑、整机重量轻、体积小、携带方便。</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">&nbsp;</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">1、初级输入电路分析&nbsp;</strong><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">1.1 滤波器及整流电路：</strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">交流电源经保险丝F1、F2、电源开关SWl送人由L1、L2、L3组成的电源噪声滤波器，电源噪声滤波器将来自电源的高频噪声干扰滤除掉，又通过双向可控硅SCRl送人整流电路D1。J1的作用是通过将其接人和断开，使B超工作在lOOV或220V电源上。</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;若电源电压为100V时，J1按虚线接人。由电路分析可知，输出电压提高一倍。当电源电压为220V时，J1断开，这就是正常的全波整流电路。</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">1.2 软起动电路：</strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">软起动电路是为防止电源接通瞬间，由于大容量电容的存在，而产生浪涌电流的抑制电路。这个电路主要由元件SCRl、R1、L3组成。其原理是：双向可控硅SRCl的导通与截止由开关变压器中L3绕组中的反电势控制。电源接通瞬间双向可控硅SCRl呈断开状态，这时流经整流桥D1的电流由于R1的存在抑制了电路浪涌电流的产生，减少开机时大电流对元件的冲击。电阻R1的阻值只有10Ω左右，与R4、R5(200kΩ)相比可忽略不计，因此，在双向可控硅开关操作过程中，对电压波动的影响可忽略不计，D1的直流输出电压大约是300V。</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">1.3 逆变器：</strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">所谓逆变就是一个由直流到交流的转变。东芝32B机逆变振荡频率大约为40kHz。逆变电路主要由晶体管开关TRl、TR2和高频变压器T1组成。高频变压器T1采用的是具有磁饱和特性的电磁材料。利用电磁饱和性质来维持晶体管TRl、TR2的轮换开关操作。将300V直流变成约40kHz的交变电压，通过开关变压器的次级降为多路直流输出所需要的电压值。</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">&nbsp;</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">2、次级输出电路分析&nbsp;</strong><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">2.1 开关稳压器(CHl-CH5)：</strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">输出电路由CHl-CH6六个通道组成，除+300V电压外，CHl-CH5电路基本相同，工作原理也基本相同。采用的是脉宽控制直流开关稳压电路。各路中都有一个集成电路IC。IC的作用是将输出电压与参考电压进行比较，放大信号由IC的(2)脚采集到并通过IC的(12)脚将开关变压器的工作频率采集到，同步经由IC的(9)脚输出。控制调整管TRl的工作状态。起到稳定调整工作电压的作用。IC还具有过流保护的作用，当电路产生过流时，IC的(7)、(8)脚将产生在R13上的过流信号采集到，通过IC的(9)输出，使TR1截止，以保护整个电路。各路输出的过高电压还由各路中的ZDl保护，如+5V输出电路中，当输出电压上升到+5.6V时，则ZDl被击穿，以保护后级负载免受损坏。</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"  /><strong style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">2.2 300V电路：</strong><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">采用串联稳压控制电路。稳压控制电路由运算放大器ICl完成，TR3、R16-R18组成过流保护电路。CHl-CH6各路输出经L、C平滑滤波，其中CH1-CH5又经EMI电磁滤波后送到各级负载。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Simsun; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px;  background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"></span></p><p style="font-size: 16px; 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