让人“高攀不起”的口罩原料——熔喷布篇

admin · 发表于 2020-10-14 12:48:21

                  <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>不久前，曾转发过一部视频，为我们解释了为什么现在口罩“一罩难求”，原版视频如下，愿意复习的朋友可以再看一下~</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><iframe src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=w3074gwoo1o&auto=0" width="100%" height="580" frameborder="0"></iframe></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>视频中提到了一个问题，口罩上游原料价格上涨，国家政策上为了保护消费者，禁止口罩涨价，因此给口罩生产造成了极大的困扰，尤其是熔喷布的价格更是成倍增长。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span>据了解，自疫情爆发以来熔喷布市场价格进入快速跳升通道：从疫情之前的1.2万元/吨上下，飙涨至40万元/吨，“一天一个价”，截至2月24日，最高已出现70万/吨的叫价，甚至有钱也难买到。</span></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br  /></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span>熔喷布产能受限的原因，和口罩产业链产能“两头大中间小”直接相关：上游熔喷料和下游口罩厂产能快速扩充后，中游的熔喷布此前厂商数量较少，熔喷设备价格昂贵且关键部件存在缺口、设备交割期长，生产线难以快速扩产。</span></p><p><span><br  /><strong>熔喷布为何无法替代？究竟怎样生产出来？</strong></span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><span>熔喷布，俗称口罩的“心脏”，是口罩中间的过滤层，能过滤细菌，阻止病菌传播。熔喷布是一种以高熔融指数的聚丙烯为材料，由许多纵横交错的纤维以随机方向层叠而成的膜，纤维直径范围 0.5~10 微米，其纤维直径大约有头发丝的三十分之一。</span></p><p><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/b5e99ed1daf3c71be545302573bfcd9d_2.jpg" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><strong><span>下图是拍摄的熔喷布结构照片：</span></strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/ab0e6c8640d50e361ae8c3c79d8b14d4_3.jpg" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><span>飞纳台式扫描电镜拍摄</span></p><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p>ps：病毒无法独立存活，需要依附于飞沫等传播介质，熔喷布本质上<span>是一种纤维过滤器，含有病毒的飞沫靠近熔喷布后，也会被静电吸附在表面，无法透过。原理图如下</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/104f1f03ea445d8204960f3e5be52520_4.jpg" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p>纤维过滤机理示意图</p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br  /></p><p><span>尽管原料都是聚丙烯专用树脂，但熔喷布专用料与其他无纺布原料在生产工艺和性能上存在很大差异。</span></p><p><br  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><iframe src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/player.html?width=500&height=375&auto=0&vid=j3071diduwy&auto=0" width="100%" height="580" frameborder="0"></iframe></p><p><span>熔喷无纺布生产线</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>该产品在丝径、手感、强度、均匀度和熔喷纤维超细、均匀度、过滤性能、阻隔性能等各方面均表现不凡，可广泛用于医疗、护理、个人卫生、工业防护、环境保护等领域。</span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/db9314e44573ba0262924dd57e859c9b_5.jpg" /></p><br  /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><span>熔喷模头的原理为：聚丙烯PP专用料经塑化后进入熔喷模头流道，经分配均匀后再进入喷丝板，高温高速高压热气流喷射出来形成了熔喷非织造布，也就是口罩中间层最关键的一层过滤材料。目前全球有能力制造并提供熔喷模头的企业屈指可数，精密度要求较高，供货周期较长，至少3-4个月以上。面对疫情需求，精诚承诺24小时开机，全员无休并采取各项措施，将制造周期缩短到1～2个月，以助力熔喷模头的快速供应。</span></p></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><strong><span>被逼到绝路的口罩厂<br  /></span></strong></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>此前，北京济民康泰大药房有限责任公司丰台区第五十五分店因10只3M防霾口罩标价850元（单只85元）被处以300万元的行政罚款。该事件之后，北京市市场监管局的数据显示，仅1月28日就立案调查15件价格违法案件。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>因为类似事件，国家对于某些商家变相大幅涨价的行为实施严厉打击，这是维护消费者权益和市场秩序的必要手段。面对巨幅增长的原料和高压政策的限制，部分口罩生产企业赔本生产，最终被迫停产。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>随着医用口罩相关原材料价格的上涨，零售医用口罩在进价基础上合理上涨，实际上不仅是在保持商家的合理利润，也让大众能够有渠道买到口罩。因此近日政策上已经有所松动。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span>近日，南通发布一则通告：《南通海门市口罩网上预约购买须知》，由于口罩熔喷布价格的上涨，原本5片一组的口罩，由9元上涨至10.2元。价格上涨了13.3%。</span></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br  /></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span>不止南通市，青岛市政务网发布了“民用口罩购买须知”，消息指出，因民用口罩类型及采购渠道不同，具体销售价格由商家按购销差价控制在35%以内的规定确定，市民可自愿购买。</span></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br  /></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-paragraph-type="image"><section mpa-from-tpl="t"><p><img src="image/20201014/707f9ce4b32b98db9415adffe1e48954_6.jpg" /></p></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>在市场的复杂情况之下，保障经营者的正当性是重要且必要的，好消息是</span><span>在口罩生产能力持续提升的同时，制造口罩核心原材料熔喷布的生产能力也在持续提升。</span></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br  /></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span>作为国内最大的医卫原料供应商，中国石化在口罩产业链中原本是最上游聚丙烯原料的生产者，12天筹建了10条熔喷无纺布生产线。</span></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><br  /></p><p mpa-paragraph-type="body"><span>在燕山石化投产的熔喷无纺布生产线年设计生产能力为14400吨，包括两条熔喷无纺布生产线，3条纺粘布生产线，每天可生产4吨N95熔喷布或6吨医用平面口罩熔喷布，这些原料可以生产120万片（4吨×30万片/吨）N95口罩，或者600万片（6吨×100万片/吨）医用平面口罩。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>相信在社会各方力量的不断努力之下，我们必然能够跨过这段特殊时期，战胜疫情！</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>来源：Medtec医疗器械设计与制造、医疗器械经销商联盟 整理编辑</span></p><p><br  /></p><section 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