2019年中国大陆地区放疗人员和设备基本情况

admin · 发表于 2020-10-14 12:22:04

                  <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.png" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>前言</span></strong></span></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span><br  /></span></strong></span></section><p><span>2019年4月10日~9月20日期间，中华医学会放射肿瘤治疗学分会通过线上问卷的形式进行了全国第九次行业调查，调查2018年度全国各个医院从事放疗的人员、设备、技术、年放疗人次以及主要放疗病种等数据。调查地区范围包括中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市，香港、澳门及台湾未计入。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>本次问卷回收率100%，所有放疗单位数据通过各省医学会再次确认。2018年度中国大陆地区开展放疗的单位共计1,463家，5家单位已开展或正准备开展质子重离子技术；从事放疗的工作人员共29,096人，放疗医师/物理师比例继续下降至3.51∶1；年治疗人次增加37.0% ；全国每百万人口放疗设备(1.5台)仍低于WHO的要求(2~4台)。原文《2019年中国大陆地区放疗人员和设备》发表于《中国肿瘤》杂志。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section><p><img src="image/20201014/497a7f2ee109e8ff1707404a41493f1f_2.png" /></p></section><p><br  /></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>放疗单位</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>2018年度中国大陆地区开展放疗的单位共计1,463家，其中公立1,211家，部队医院92家，民营140家，其他性质20家。主要集中在山东、河南、江苏等人口和经济大省，西北地区整体放疗单位数少，宁夏、青海仅个位数，西藏自治区无放疗单位。各省、自治区、直辖市开展放疗的单位数见图1(Figure 1)。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/693a45d90fb593c08e6d281d241fe296_3.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>9次放疗行业调研中开展放疗单位数量趋势图见图2(Figure 2)。</span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/fa56252a65f427b0065340cb25fc56aa_4.png" /></p></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section><br  /></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>放疗人员及比例</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>中国大陆地区从事放疗的工作人员共29,096人，其中放疗医师14,575人、物理师4172人、技师8940人、维修师1409人。此次调查医师整体数量较前有下降，但物理师、技师、工程师的数据仍有不同程度的上升，详见表1(Table 1)。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ed4c0f33cce730d27e8e0c2c377d73f4_5.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>放疗医师/物理师比例继续下降至3.51∶1，详见图3(Figure 3) 。</span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/5995e044def607e95ebe7246918d6745_6.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>放疗设备</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>本次调查显示中国大陆地区放疗设备数量持续增长，共有直线加速器2,021台(含进口和国产)，钴60远距离治疗机66台，近距离治疗机339台，质子、重离子机5台，常规模拟机1,453台，CT模拟机355台。能开展二维放疗1,002家，详见表2(Table 2)。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ac9a5152f717bb8b6be9ff8b476cf4b3_7.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>各省、自治区、直辖市的直线加速器及钴60设备数以及人均情况详见表3(Table 3)。</span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/43ca9719b6382f8cc695ebc7f3f19452_8.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>放疗新技术</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>放疗新技术开展情况详见表 4(Table 4) 。整体来说，三维适形放疗技术(3-D conformal radiotherapy)、静态调强放疗技术(IMRT)等主流技术逐渐普及，旋转调强放疗技术(VMAT)、立体定向放疗技术(SBRT)、TOMO等放疗新技术较既往调查稳步增加，并有5家单位已开展或正准备开展质子重离子技术。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/421cd8d7e31981c7adf15fa3811fc626_9.png" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>放疗年治疗人数、病床数</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>中国大陆地区放疗单位的总病床数为97,836，包括部分肿瘤科的床位，年治疗人次1,259,602 。较2015年调查结果(床位数102,171, 年治疗人次919,339)，床位减少 4.2% ，而年治疗人次增加37.0% 。 </span></p><p><br  /></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><strong><span>放疗主要病种</span></strong></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>放疗常见病种前15位排名：肺癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、直肠癌、鼻咽癌、脑转移瘤、骨转移瘤、胃癌、中枢神经系统肿瘤、喉癌、肝癌、口腔癌、下咽癌和口咽癌。<br  /></span></p><p><br  /></p><section data-id="95975" data-tools="gulangu"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-bclessp="30%" data-bcless="darken"><span><strong><span>结论</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span>中国大陆地区放疗单位数目缓慢增长，放疗从业人员较前稍减少，开展放疗新技术单位逐年增加。全国每百万人口放疗设备(加速器+钴60)仅1.5台，仍低于WHO的要求(2~4台)，更低于发达国家和地区每百万人口6~12台的水平。需要注意全国各省市内部之间差距，更合理地优化放疗资源与配置，缩小全国地区间放疗差距，切实提高放疗在全国的可及性以及在肿瘤治疗中的地位，为健康中国战略提供支持。</span></p><section><br  /></section><section><span>参考文献：张烨,易俊林,姜威等.2019年中国大陆地区放疗人员和设备[J].中国肿瘤,2020,29(5):321-326.</span></section><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>来源：医械世界</span></p><p><span>作者：金一刀</span><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" 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