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<section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.jpg" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="97917"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2c10ae191edb8e881de984d7b751608e_2.png" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span>印度有13亿人口,人均GDP为2100美元,是美国人均GDP的3.2%。美国尚且不是全民免费医疗,那么印度真的有能力做到吗?<br /></span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/dcb2b5e4ac5d7580fedf9208739bf3e1_3.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>从制度设计层面讲,印度确实是全面免费医疗,但这个“全民免费”与传统意义上的免费还是有所区别的,并非所有医院都免费。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度的免费医疗仅存在于公立医院中,而更多私立医院和诊所是不免费的。也就是说,印度的免费医疗实质上是部分医药免费。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度的医疗制度既不像古巴、加拿大那样的免费医疗,又不像美国、德国那样的社会医疗保险体制,它是南亚国家中所特有的。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度通过国家财政直接对医院和药品进行补贴,老百姓不需要缴纳医疗保险金,可免费到公立医院进行治疗,外国人也可免费。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/7d938aabc9443c9f5f8c3e10c2e982b2_4.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>但这种免费只是针对头疼脑热的小病,也就是公立医院中的廉价药都是免费的。如果是动手术的一些大病,则是需要收取费用。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>与私立医院相比,印度的公立医院显然数量不足,而且财政投入的规模也有限。使得公立医院条件较简陋,药品设备也较缺乏。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度的人均医疗投入水平很低,公立医院不但缺乏医师资源,而且经常是人满为患,绝大部分排队等待的患者都是最底层穷人。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度的公立医院主要是为穷人提供免费的医疗服务,医院中缺医少药的现象很多。有时免费看完病,可能还需患者到外面买药。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>由于资金投入有限,免费治疗的医院药房经常药品不足,只能是医生开药方,患者自行去药店买药,免费的也就是些小病小药。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/898e4b78d6b778070681c5f24b4c4d30_5.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>通常情况下,只有看不起病的印度人才会去公立医院看病。而对大部分收入不错的中产阶级来说,他们会选择收费的私立医院。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度私立医院的医疗水平可以说是很高的,约占总医疗资源的80%。尽管私立医院是以营利为目的,但收费项目却被严格监管。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>换句话说,印度的私立医院不是免费的,但收费并不高,它要保证大部分中低收入群体患了大病能看得起,不用承担高额费用。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>由此可以看出,印度的免费医疗实质上只是部分医疗免费,并非真正意义上的全民免费医疗。印度的药品费用一般人都能负担。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/ab95b59386fb26fd2f05114e0368a220_6.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>尽管印度的人均医疗投入不高,但对新药的研制和仿制投入还是很大的。这也使得印度成为世界上药品价格最便宜的规矩之一。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>五年前,在新德里的一家私立医院看高烧住院一个星期,总花费是8000卢比。如果是小诊所,看病时的诊疗费通常为100卢比。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>这对于条件稍好的印度人来说,还是比较划算的。印度有不少世界级水平的私立医院,有些病的手术费仅为欧美的费用的10%。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>有人可能发现,不少外国人到印度去看病,主要是价格便宜,而且疗效还不错,顺带还能旅游一番,费用最多不超过欧美一半。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/489faf4f5111b0977a51bdb64043ad5a_7.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>很多人可能会觉得印度看病便宜,但实际上那是印度富人和外国人才能独享的。有数亿印度人甚至连100卢比(9元)都不想花。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>上千卢比虽然不算多,但穷人们还是愿意挤在免费的公立医院中。其实印度的免费医疗主要是为穷人而设,覆盖广大农村地区。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>近些年,印度也在不断加大医疗投入,公立医院基本实现看病后免费拿药的目标,但还仅是一些治疗小病的廉价药才能被免费。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>印度的医疗投入几乎都在药品上,但也仅能覆盖一半人口左右。虽然印度公立医院依然是设施落后,但其最大的招牌就是免费。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/f658f364219b06fd38f507e722c0611d_8.jpg" /></p></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>据统计,选择到公立医院就诊的患者仅占总人口的30%,也就是一些贫困人口。70%的人还是选择收费且条件较好的私立医院。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>目前印度的新生儿死亡率还很高,每年有200万儿童死于营养不良。公立医院设施药品短缺,不到20万张病床经常在使用状态。</span></p><p><span><br 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