假肢也能拥有触觉了！

admin · 发表于 2020-10-14 11:31:29

                  <section><section data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.jpg" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><span>假肢就是用工程技术的手段和方法，为弥补截肢者或肢体不完全缺损的肢体而专门设计和制作装配的人工假体，又称“义肢”。它的主要作用是代替失去肢体的部分功能，使截肢者恢复一定的生活自理和工作能力。其适用对象是因疾病、交通事故、工伤事故、运动创伤等原因的截肢者。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/087f540484f675aa72b07a149e8816bb_2.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="22631"><section><section><p><strong>01</strong></p></section><section><p><span><strong>另假肢获得触觉</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><br  /></section></section></section><p><span>当然，制作再精美的假肢也不可能像“原装”肢体那样运用自如，最重要的原因就是假肢无法传递触觉。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>不过目前已经有能够让使用者反馈触觉的上臂假体被开发出来，但这种假肢需要在残肢内剩余的神经附近小心地手术防止电极，并精确地刺激所述神经，实用性稍逊，而且成本较高。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>现在，匹兹堡大学的研究人员已经取得了一项非凡的成就，他们利用现有的脊髓刺激器(通常用于治疗慢性疼痛)在截肢者缺失的肢体上产生一种触觉。而这一技术完全可以应用于为上臂假体产生感觉反馈，给病人一种自然的方式去感受他们所接触的东西。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><video width="100%" height="580" controls="controls"><source src="http://mpvideo.qpic.cn/0bf2gqaaeaaasaagktbconpvangdai2aaaqa.f10003.mp4?dis_k=5edc2eeaf96a75bc37bf9d672bb1172e&dis_t=1602646288" type="video/mp4"></source></video></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>更加令人欣喜的是，这项新技术能够通过目前医院常用的植入方法来完成，这些方法每年在大医院里进行数千次。项目创始人李·费希尔(Lee Fisher)在一份新闻稿中说：“这项工作的独特之处在于，我们使用的设备已经作为止痛设备，每年植入到5万人体内，全国各大医疗中心的医生都知道如何进行这些外科手术，而且我们得到的结果与高度专业化的设备和手术相似。” </span></p><p><br  /></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/50d1268d8a2bbd66aa0d363400ceecb9_3.jpg" /></p></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>研究人员将波士顿科学公司的Infinion电极导线植入四名志愿者的脊髓附近，在传递手臂感觉的神经根上方，并将其连接到Ripple公司的Nano 2+刺激器上。然后，在不同的部位给具有多个刺激点的弦状电极通电，并发出通常用来解决疼痛的信号。用这种方式模拟触觉信号。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span><p><img src="image/20201014/3dfaf4f93b5a872060ba91547fed6897_4.jpg" /></p></span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>通过一些实验和微调，研究人员能够可靠地在幻肢和手的不同部位产生触觉。在四名志愿者中的三名中，研究人员能够产生高度局部化的感觉，这种感觉只能在单个手指或手掌上的点上感觉到。</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><span>调查显示，研究人员在植入后对他们的研究对象进行了一个月的跟踪。结果显示，即使在电极自然移动后，刺激仍继续发挥作用。由于刺激发生在脊柱，因此这项技术甚至适用于失去整条手臂的截肢者和残肢附近神经严重受损的人。不过该产品上市前仍需做更进一步的临床试验，确保该产品能够更好的应用与更多的临床场景。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="22631"><section><section><p><strong>02</strong></p></section><section><p><span><strong>冷门行业蕴含大市场</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br  /></section></section><p><span>我国残疾人占全国总人口的比例为6.34%。据中金企信国际咨询公布的《2020-2026年中国假肢行业市场调查及投资战略预测报告》统计数据显示：近5年来，因为疾病、交通事故、工伤、自然灾害等因素的影响，大腿截肢人数逐年增加，极大地增加了社会的负担。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>据不完全统计，目前全国600多家各类假肢生产装配机构，主要产品的年产量为：假肢为6.5万件。按产品的平均寿命为3年计算，相当于只有88.5万具假肢在使用中。这只能满足930万有配置假肢等辅助器具需求者的9.5%，尚有90.5%需求者未能如愿。由此可见，<strong>中国的假肢产量亟需增加</strong>。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>中金企信国际咨询统计数据显示2019年1-12月全国假肢、人工器官及植（介）入器械制造总产值为65.57亿元，累计增长率为12.83%；出口交货值为22.86亿元，累计增长率为7.37%。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>随着人民经济和生活水平的不断提高，残疾人的支付能力也日益增强，对假肢的需求不再仅仅局限于笨重的被动式假肢，假肢智能化、功能多样化、性能优良化成为现在假肢行业竞争的目标。目前国内加之领域相关政策有：《中国制造2025年》、《“十三五”一老器械科技创新专项规划》、《残疾预防和残疾人康复条例（2018年修正）》等。</span></p><p><span><br  /></span></p><p><span>当前，我国经济发展进入新常态，全球新一轮科技革命与产业变革日益加快，给提升假肢产业核心竞争力带来新的机遇与挑战。发展假肢产业有利于引导激发新消费、培育壮大新动能、加快发展新经济，推动经济转型升级；有利于积极应对人口老龄化，满足残疾人康复服务需求。</span></p><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><section data-color="#757576"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>相关阅读</strong></section></section></section><section><section><section><br  /></section></section></section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2aac877ff9233ba5a66e7a5ff3a4febf_5.gif" /></p></section><section data-brushtype="text">戳一下</section><span>，更有料！</span></section><section><br  /></section><section><a target="_blank" 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