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<p>来源:迈瑞客户服务中心<br /></p><p>作者:刘继广</p><p><br /></p><p><strong><p><img src="image/20200927/b31573294aa8a7d0859ce273839175e1_1.jpg" /></p></strong></p><section data-role="paragraph"><section><span>随着对新型冠状病毒(SARS-Cov-2)研究的进展,大众对于冠状病毒的认识也逐渐加深。</span><span>关于冠状病毒的历史,早在1937年就首次在鸡身上分离出。1965年分离</span><span>出第一株人的冠状病毒。197</span><span>5年,</span><span>病毒委员会因这些病毒包膜性状类似日冕的棘突,故将这类病毒命名为冠状病毒。</span><span>而冠状病毒首次被人们广泛认识,</span><span>还是在2003年的“非典”疫情中,也就是常常被提到的SARS病毒,而新型冠状病毒(SARS-Cov-2)的基因特征与SARS有明显区别,但与蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒(bat-SL-CoVZC45)同源性达85%以上[1],类似于严重的急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)同属冠状病毒。</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span><strong><span><strong><span><strong>新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第五版)</strong></span></strong></span></strong></span><span>提出,SARS-Cov-2在感染人体96小时左右,就可以在呼吸道上皮细胞内发现。新型冠状病毒传播途径主要经呼吸道飞沫传播和接触传播,气溶胶和消化道待明确。其潜伏期一般1-14天(多为3-7天)。被感染者发病早期,实验室检查外周血白细胞总数正常或减少,淋巴细胞计数减少,多数患者CRP升高,另严重者外周血淋巴细胞进行性减低[1]。<strong>可见,血液分析在新型冠状病毒早期筛选与治疗监测中起到不可或缺的作用。</strong></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span><strong><span><strong><span><strong>《Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China》</strong></span></strong></span></strong></span><span>指出,对1099位新型冠状病毒急性呼吸道疾病(COVID-19)分析,82.1%的患者有淋巴细胞减少、多数CRP升高[2]。如下图所示,淋巴细胞计数降低和CRP升高,疾病严重程度P值均小于0.001,提示淋巴细胞减少和CRP升高有极显著差异。<strong>因此,</strong><strong>淋巴细胞计数分类和CRP检查结果在2019-nCoV ARD疾病临床严重程度判断有非常重要的临床意义</strong><strong>。</strong></span></section><section><br /></section><p><p><img src="image/20200927/a421b25ea39de14f0c59b8ed1dfc94ed_2.png" /></p></p><section><span>——图片摘自《Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China》</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>近期首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院发布了关于新型冠状病毒病毒肺炎的论文,</span><span><strong><span><strong><span><strong>《Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts SevereIllness Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage》</strong></span></strong></span></strong></span><span><strong>。</strong>文中研究分析了61例患者,发现重症发生率13%,病程一般在7-14天发展急剧恶化,进展为急性呼吸衰竭。北京地坛医院的研究分析结果表明,<strong>粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数(NLR)是影响重症发生的最重要因素,具有非常好的预测价值[3</strong><strong>]。</strong></span></section><section><br /></section><p><p><img src="image/20200927/fec74267a45db45532c1c8996062cfc8_3.png" /></p></p><section><span></span><span>——</span><span>图片摘自</span><span>《</span><span>Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio  redicts SevereIllness Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage</span><span>》</span></section><section><br /></section><section><strong><span>目前迈瑞全自动血液细胞分析仪可提供NLR参数供临床参考。</span></strong><span></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>另外,《Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts SevereIllness Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage》文中对NLR参数研究发现,发生重症的均为50岁以上的患者,使用约登指数分析找出NLR和年龄的界限值,进行风险分级和管理建议。</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>年龄≥50岁及NLR≥3.13的患者发生重症化的比率为50%,建议积极转入具有创呼吸支持治疗的ICU;年龄≥50岁及NLR<3.13的患者发生重症化的比率为9%,建议于具有呼吸监测及支持治疗的隔离病房治疗;年龄<50岁及NLR≥3.13的患者建议普通隔离病房密切监测;对于年龄<50岁及NLR<3.13的患者建议基层医院隔离治疗。如果存在大规模病例,则风险分层和管理将有助于减轻医疗资源的短缺并降低危重患者的死亡率[3]。</span></section><section><br /></section><p><p><img src="image/20200927/43a5f02aa7c11f5eb665829724c90aed_4.png" /></p></p><section><span></span><span>——</span><span>图片摘自</span><span>《</span><span>Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio  redicts SevereIllness Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage</span><span>》</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>随着新冠肺炎的研究进展,会有更多的检测参数为临床提供更好的诊疗依据。</span></section><section><br /></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="97128"><section><section><p><img src="image/20200927/1e9b000f29d7c107b4826786ae80d4bc_5.gif" /></p></section><section data-brushtype="text">武汉加油!中国加油!</section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><section><strong><span>参考文献</span></strong></section><section><span>[1] <span>国家卫生健康委办公厅.</span><span>《</span><span>第五版新冠病毒诊感染的肺</span><span>炎诊疗方案(试行第五版</span><span>)</span><span>》. </span></span></section><section><span>[2] </span><span>Weijie Guan, Zhengyi Ni,</span><span><span> </span></span><span>Nanshan Zhong</span><span>,et al.</span><span>Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China</span><span>[J].</span><span>medRxiv</span><span>,<span>February 09,</span>2020</span><span>.</span></section><p><span></span></p><p><span>[3] Jingyuan Liu1,* , Yao Liu2,* , Pan Xiang1 , </span><span>et al.</span><span>Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts SevereIllness Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the Early Stage. </span><span>medRvix, Posted February 12, 2020.</span></p></section><p><br /></p>
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