CT、核磁、X光、B超，检查分工各不同

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                    <p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; "><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 15pt; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">点击“</span><span style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; font-size: 15pt; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 15pt; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">”关注我们，每日分享维修知识、医疗器械资讯信息！</span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 15pt; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="p0" style="margin-bottom:0pt; margin-top:0pt; "><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 15pt; font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><img data-size="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6OXnstvGL2Gib8vdWomcVoO58IYs0ldY4tpgORUicjbbiagGjiaIP7PHUaGq5yHibEbDiaKTiaen8VEuYpzQ/0"  /></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">到了医院，患者往往不知道医生开各种检查的目的，从而让许多患者产生误解，以为自己多花了钱；有时医生可能缺乏经验、或者懒于为患者查体，直接为患者开最贵的检查项目，所以初步了解这些检查的特点、优势和适用范围，有利于患者检查时间和费用的节省。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />原理不同，优势各异</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">据了解，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">CT（Computed Tomography）意为X线计算机断层摄影，是用X线束对人体某部进行断层扫描，获得人体被检部的断面或立体图像</span>。据北京大学第一医院医学影像科医师张宏介绍，CT可以提供人体被检查部位的<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">完整三维信息</span>，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">可使器官和结构清楚显影，清楚地显示病变</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />X光是穿透性很强的射线，能够穿透人体，使用X线对人体内部进行透视或摄影的检查方法，其原理是利用了X线的穿透作用。<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">在穿透人体时，被含钙的成分（骨）、水分（血液等）、软组织（肌肉）等吸收而减弱，因此可以呈现出所检查部位的基本形态</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />与CT、X线不同，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">B超检查是利用超声波产生回声的原理来检查的</span>。北京协和医院妇科主任医师孙晓光解释说，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">超声能向一定方向上传播，而且可以穿透物体，如果碰到障碍，就会产生回声，人们通过仪器将这种回声收集并显示在屏幕上，可以用来了解物体的内部结构，辅助诊断</span>。B超是2个维度的超声信息，构成平面图形，反映人体结构。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />随着<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">彩色-多普勒超声技术</span>的产生，出现了彩超（彩色B超），即在黑白B超的基础上加上彩色多普勒，彩超同时又提供了血流动力学的丰富信息，实际应用受到了广泛的重视和欢迎，彩超在目前临床上经常被使用。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">MR、MRI</span>（nuclear magnetic resonance imaging），即磁共振。<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">MR是一种生物磁自旋成像技术，利用原子核自旋运动的特点，在外加磁场内，经射频脉冲激后产生信号，用探测器检测并输入计算机，并转换成图像。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />与CT、X线不同，MR最大的优点是对人体不产生损害，没有电离辐射损伤。相比CT的断层扫描，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">MR能获得多方位的原生三维断面成像</span>，比如脑和脊髓的立体图像。对于骨、关节、脊髓、盆腔脏器、前列腺、膀胱、子宫、卵巢、心脏大血管病变及心肌梗塞的诊断尤为准确。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />而对于<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">肺部的检查，选择X线或是CT要优于MR</span>，对肝脏、胰腺、肾上腺、前列腺的检查，MR不比CT优越，费用反而高昂。此外，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">体内有金属物、怀孕3个月以内、带有心脏起搏器或是危重病人都不宜做MR检查。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">胸部检查用X线或CT</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />张宏介绍，胸部X线可以检查心、肺、纵隔以及肋骨、胸膜、主动脉，比如肺纹理增多、肺部钙化点、主动脉结钙化等。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />相比X线，胸部CT检查显示出的结构清晰度更明显，对胸部病变的检出敏感性和显示病变的准确性均优于常规X线胸片。<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">胸部CT</span>检查有利于检出轻微病变和隐蔽部位病变，显示病变特征，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">特别是对于早期肺癌的确诊有决定性意义。</span>然而，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">CT检查的辐射剂量显著高于X线</span>。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />此外，X<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">线是临床骨科的重要检查手段之一</span>，其效果在于检查骨、脊柱、关节等有无器质性病变，明确病变的部位、大小、程度及与周围软组织的关系，为治疗提供参考。而<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">CT可以诊断骨质本身病变、骨折或脱位、骨关节及软组织病变等。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />胆囊疾病查B超</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;">据专家介绍，<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">B超在胆囊疾病的诊断上，比如胆囊结石，有高度准确性，一般准确率在95%以上，</span>而CT诊断符合率较低。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />“由于CT每1～5秒钟扫描一次，对心脏等器官的检查不易获得准确的信息，”北京大学第一医院超声诊断中心孟圆峰解释道，“正常人平静时呼吸至少3秒钟一次，受呼吸影响的腹腔器官，如肝、脾，做CT检查时要病人暂停呼吸，幼小者、精神失常者、肺功能不全者就不能配合，也就无法检查，做B超则无这种限制。”</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />B超检查是临床上检查胆道疾病最常用的方法，可确诊胆囊结石、胆囊炎症、肿瘤等，而且，B超对肝硬化、脂肪肝、脾肿大、肝癌、肠道病变准确率也较高。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />此外，孙晓光介绍，孕期做B超检查的目的是判断胎儿生长是否符合孕周，判断胎儿有否畸形，了解胎儿在子宫内是否安全。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">肿瘤诊断多用CT</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />据了解，CT对肿瘤分辨率高于B超，对于1～2厘米的小肿块，CT显示率为88%，B超是48%；对于肾癌的诊断率，CT准确率为90%，B超是44%。<span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">CT对显示肾癌、肾盂癌相当准确，可确定肿瘤的大小、浸润的范围、邻近和远处淋巴结转移。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />对于肝脏和胰腺来说，CT可以诊断肝癌、肝血管瘤、脂肪肝、胰腺癌、急性胰腺炎、慢性胰腺炎等，而MR适合检查原发性肝癌等疾病。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  />CT对肾脏、肾上腺、膀胱和前列腺疾病的诊断优于超声，CT不仅能显示肾盂、肾盏及膀胱内腔，还能显示肾实质和膀胱壁，可诊断肾上腺肿瘤、肾包膜下出血等。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><strong style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;">软组织疾病选MR</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 宋体; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">MR可以检查肌肉和软组织</span>。MR采用和X线完全不同的成像原理，对软组织的分辨率远非CT和X线能比，主要用来观察神经、脊髓等椎管内软组织，因此可以用来检测和诊断中枢神经系统疾病、腰椎间盘后突。</p><p><br  /></p><p><img data-size="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6OXnstvGL2Gib8vdWomcVoO5nLdTme1maeBy1kgibJpyC20nyT2OVeicF4TDIsWnHKia9Petqzs2sZMKQ/0" style="float:none;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center"><img data-size="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6OXnstvGL2Gib8vdWomcVoO5nLdTme1maeBy1kgibJpyC20nyT2OVeicF4TDIsWnHKia9Petqzs2sZMKQ/0" style=""  /></p><p style="text-align: center"><img data-size="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6OXnstvGL2Gib8vdWomcVoO5Xh4N0QXgLZ4yglgMKCmVkaYORd0nl2iaSuYQKuiaRbDiaMkn4ibE21e5Og/0" style=""  /></p><p><img data-size="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6OXnstvGL2Gib8vdWomcVoO5VbwATskfUCTAOvLeLcqOkL4wvJU692vicxK8adT86FZHTmTgGic1cmaA/0" style="float:none;"  /></p><p><img data-size="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6OXnstvGL2Gib8vdWomcVoO5nLdTme1maeBy1kgibJpyC20nyT2OVeicF4TDIsWnHKia9Petqzs2sZMKQ/0"  /></p>