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体检拍摄胸片是否有必要【图】

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发表于 2020-10-21 13:46:07 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

                    

                    

                    
                    
                    <p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6M5ZOUw4MDPric74wQnsRyPrJz9CP7zCvU19GI1e4iahicghpxicjDnrf6BBsCaR9lGrQjDydQvjic7mXA/0" data-ratio="0.18972332015810275" data-w="" width="auto" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6M5ZOUw4MDPric74wQnsRyPrJz9CP7zCvU19GI1e4iahicghpxicjDnrf6BBsCaR9lGrQjDydQvjic7mXA/0" style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); white-space: normal; font-family: 宋体; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  />对于大多数人来说,每年体检时拍一次胸片是理所应当的事,尽管导医会提醒“近期有怀孕意愿的客人和哺乳期妇女不要接受胸片检查”,但是由于长久以来养成的习惯,“拍片看肺”仍被人们所接受,并且拍胸片也会被各体检机构当做套餐中的基础项目。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">不过,“体检正常半年后患癌离世”、“拍胸片却没查出肺癌”这类新闻时常见诸报端,这不得不让人们怀疑,体检中拍胸片是否真的需要“逢检必拍”。据业内专家透露,由于我国人均卫生费用较低,因此拍摄便宜的胸片普及率才会较高,对于希望对身体进行全方位普查的人来说,使用低密度螺旋CT更加适合对肺部状态进行仔细探查,及时发现微小病变。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6PWDOqXeP6C3F7IZ6wK7eZx2fL6EMfRLe9vmY3qKdKLVcMqAv4RMHJV8uWeiazCfn9Xde2gMNq8kAw/0" title="胸片1.jpg" class="" id="c1416106235726" data-ratio="1.1660079051383399" data-w="" url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6PWDOqXeP6C3F7IZ6wK7eZx2fL6EMfRLe9vmY3qKdKLVcMqAv4RMHJV8uWeiazCfn9Xde2gMNq8kAw/0" file_id="203054997" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>正方:健康人每年也需要拍一次胸片</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">打开各家体检机构的网页,可以发现即使是价格最低的体检套餐,也必然会包括胸片的拍摄。尽管在医学界一直对胸片“逢检必拍”存在争论,但在一些专业人士看来,健康人每年拍一次胸片还是非常必要的。北京胸科医院影像科住院医师过丽芳认为,虽然无法看清微小的病变,但由于辐射较小,拍摄胸片仍然应是普通人体检时一项必不可少的检查项目。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“照一次CT的辐射量相当于拍摄百余张胸片,不过好在CT的照射时间很短,一般几秒钟就会结束。”过丽芳告诉健康界,医学影像拍摄时,人体中的腺体对X射线辐射吸收量最大,或多或少都会对身体造成一定伤害,因此备孕期和哺乳期都是不建议拍摄的。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 有业内人士认为,从卫生经济学角度讲,有必要在各级<strong>医疗</strong>机构中配备用于照射胸片的X光机。首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院教授崔小波告诉健康界,目前我国县级公立医院都配备了X光机,基层百姓也都是使用X光机而不是CT来对疾病进行筛查,对胸片大家的接受度更高,仪器成本也更低。“或许胸片对于早期癌症的检出率不如CT,但对于很多患者来说,检出肺癌、胰腺癌等恶性肿瘤意味着要花费庞大的治疗费用,但依据目前的医学水平,治疗经常无法提高患者的期望寿命,不仅给患者带来痛苦,也给医疗资源造成了巨大的浪费。”崔小波说。<br  /><br  /><strong>反方:胸片可以用低剂量螺旋CT取代</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">今年2月,一则《体检机构没查出肺癌患者获赔偿12.5万》的新闻引发了医学界的讨论。新闻中所提到的患者马某体检胸片显示“正常”,但在几个月后却被诊断为肺癌晚期。马某以体检机构漏检造成其延误治疗为由将体检机构告上法庭,索赔48万元。经调解,体检机构赔偿患者12.5万元。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">明明胸部摄片一栏显示“胸部正位片未见异常”,却在随后被诊断为肺癌,是否说明拍胸片是个完全可以省去的体检项目呢?北京煤炭总医院副院长、呼吸内科主任医师王洪武认为,彻底否定胸片的作用是不对的,但是现在的肺部影像检查,也确实可以使用低剂量螺旋CT取代。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 在中国,每年新发肺癌超过60万人,平均每隔30秒就有1人死于肺癌。研究显示,CT发现早期肺癌的几率约为24%,而X光胸片则只有6.9%。“如果患者正在患有结核、肺炎等肺部疾病,可以及时拍摄胸片诊断疾病进展情况,但如果是普查型的体检,胸片就不太合适。”王洪武向健康界进一步解释说,胸片一般只可以看到直径一厘米以上的肺部病变,其影像是从前到后、从左至右摞起来拍摄的结果,而低剂量螺旋CT却可以发现直径2毫米的病变,并且是二维立体成像,及时清晰地发现肺部任何细小的问题,因此建议年龄在45岁以上、吸烟、从事长期吸入粉尘工作、有癌症家族史的肺癌高危人群,最好每年做一次低剂量螺旋CT,而不是拍一张胸片。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>放射科专家:成本高致CT难普及</strong></p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">事实上,在发达国家,体检并不会像我国的体检机构这样,人们根据机构设定不同的套餐来确定体检项目,而是由各科医生组织对客人进行问诊,根据人们的身体状况、家族疾病史、生活习惯等,有针对性地确定检查方向以及体检项目,虽然这样的体检效果更好,但人力成本也较高。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">北京小汤山医院放射科副主任医师董大伟告诉健康界,除了人力成本之外,大型设备的购置成本也让一些体检机构对CT机望而却步。“一台CT机售价在200万以上,为了扫描出最好的效果,需要技术人员对机器不断进行调试,管理和保养的成本很大,而一台普通的X光机售价只有几十万,日常维护费用也不高,因此CT机无法在各级医疗机构全面推广。”董大伟同时提到,对于患者来说,拍CT的价格是胸片的数倍,这也是CT难以普及的重要原因之一。</p><p style="color: rgb(93, 93, 93); font-family: 宋体, Arial, Simsun; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">不过,在专业人士看来,由于担心辐射就在体检时拒绝任何影像拍摄是完全没有必要的。“目前使用的低剂量螺旋CT的辐射量已经很低,不会给健康人身体带来危害,而且CT还可以发现肺部极其微小的病变,及时进行手术切除的话,早期肺癌是可以治愈的。”董大伟认为,由于我国人均卫生费用不高,将发达国家个性化的体检机制照搬国内显然并不现实,但未来随着国家卫生费用投入的增加以及人们健康观念的提升,低剂量螺旋CT可以在体检机构中逐步进行普及,让更多人因此而受益。</p><p style=""><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/rz7R73cuHRrv6jdOCoJeZmYwvEAIoHpY0a7yJL2egiaEokLTpwkIsIRTzTFUic09aEThKHS4hrEcSqU0lAS3tu5g/0" data-ratio="0.14784394250513347" data-w="487" width="auto" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/rz7R73cuHRrv6jdOCoJeZmYwvEAIoHpY0a7yJL2egiaEokLTpwkIsIRTzTFUic09aEThKHS4hrEcSqU0lAS3tu5g/0" style="word-wrap: break-word !important; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin: 0px 10px; border-width: 0px;"><span class="bkcolor" style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; font-size: 14px; border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; background-color: rgb(0, 187, 236);"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">复制上面微信号</span><img data-s="300,640" data-ratio="1.35" data-w="20" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6NE8iaIXiblrE1WKyXQz6qbATAS0VZxTKlGupjMMNvicoNs9vhvYGBr83wmsdO1ouTw7kVDibk9w6VoMg/0" class="" id="c6" width="auto" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/A1DicCH9Vl6NE8iaIXiblrE1WKyXQz6qbATAS0VZxTKlGupjMMNvicoNs9vhvYGBr83wmsdO1ouTw7kVDibk9w6VoMg/640?tp=webp" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; visibility: visible !important; width: auto !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">联系我哟</span></span></legend><blockquote style="max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; border: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 14px;">? </span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 28px;">定期推送</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(255, 192, 0); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 28px;">医械资讯</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 28px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(0, 176, 80);">厂家推介</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(112, 48, 160);">维修知识</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(0, 176, 240);">产品知识</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(127, 127, 127);">,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(146, 208, 80);">医疗器械相关</span></span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;"  /></p>
               
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