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<p><img data-ratio="0.13125" data-type="gif" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/f5u8u3lDeLchGaIcFTOuEzUYJyA2UibBrdxZP9z1Zt8agFR0Yf9TPYqdic361E7GyvVRGVQ8SKMMjsV8WsH0ObLA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-w="640" /><br /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", " ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎，是最常见的膝关节疾病，但膝关节疾病其实不只退化性膝关节炎一种，今天就和大家分享常见膝关节疾病简介以及其X光片判读，让你也能对自己的膝盖问题有个了解。<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">常见膝关节疾病有以下三种：</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1) 退化性膝关节炎</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2) 类风湿性关节炎</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(3) 自发性骨坏死</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其他较为少见的类别包括创伤性膝关节炎、细菌性或是结核菌性膝关节炎、血友病膝关节炎、痛风膝关节炎等。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎的发生，综合了基因和后天施予膝关节承载的压力所致，常见因子如下：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="268" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2z2ywWFMueiazKryZfxJb17WYUNaibdRvzOsXy3ibgANLI8icMNucuHq8K7A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2z2ywWFMueiazKryZfxJb17WYUNaibdRvzOsXy3ibgANLI8icMNucuHq8K7A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1040" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="422.7338129496403" data-ratio="0.40673076923076923" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyU1RXiapLWe8ot1VNImKlicX89ABrZJm20iaTWDHSqRefNjg4H6MH1Ot8A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="1040" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="258" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2z3iblu0H3rUeXmushKhUfR4RlOn6LNRmzLVgfQrzglPWNFHOJHiatMKZg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2z3iblu0H3rUeXmushKhUfR4RlOn6LNRmzLVgfQrzglPWNFHOJHiatMKZg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="425.3956834532374" data-ratio="0.39444444444444443" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyeokaO7x7RhVkpEkEDUFSPGNlAXg9FQia3tv0Ya8cZ7p2nufVBJQdnmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="1080" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">概念上来说，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎是“使用的结果”</span><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，是劳动负重工作或是体重过重导致关节磨损较快，这也是为什么减重就目前为止仍然是对于膝关节保养的重要因素之一，另外大腿肌力的不足也会使得膝关节内压力上升，进而增加磨损，根据2013年美国骨科医学会第二版治疗指引，减重、规律运动以及强化肌力、消炎止痛药物的使用对于退化性膝关节炎症状改善最有帮助，怎么解读这些资讯呢？</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基本上就是如果有明显症状，</span><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">短期使用消炎止痛药物缓解症状</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">待症状缓解之后</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，就要督促自己</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">规律运动和训练大腿肌力</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，另外合并</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">饮食控制来减重</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，达到长期的症状稳定，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">与疼痛症状“和平相处”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎的X光表现 </strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="271" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyW6GTz4bfKGeVffgAhjbictVpsyss9obMv780p5KuUf53RFS8MOb2WQw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zeM9nDc29UTZHxdHJhbdgVROiaAXI9rxrRUrrhPSc98ibBcJq2W3knicpw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1062" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="517.6294964028776" data-ratio="0.4868173258003766" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyW6GTz4bfKGeVffgAhjbictVpsyss9obMv780p5KuUf53RFS8MOb2WQw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" data-w="1062" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎『三大特点』</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1)不对称的关节缝隙狭窄</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="374" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuy8E8sFnZVWnlibTRa6BD25VPerFxc5SOkNiaupvLyP5gyYypKTwMaKqiag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyMRdJYxQNfRA42Q3UZrg9Adc3MGwd4kfZk5dgMu1oejFHRPh8ymTXEw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="742" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="500.44964028776985" data-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyMRdJYxQNfRA42Q3UZrg9Adc3MGwd4kfZk5dgMu1oejFHRPh8ymTXEw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6725067385444744" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuy8E8sFnZVWnlibTRa6BD25VPerFxc5SOkNiaupvLyP5gyYypKTwMaKqiag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;height: 9.7974px !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" data-w="742" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">软骨的磨损好发在内侧，越是磨损内侧，整体轴线就越呈现内翻(O型腿)，内侧压力及磨损就更为增加，呈现恶性循环。 微信公众号：脊椎健康联盟</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2) 长骨刺</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="348" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuybSSWyUVTaAPz4hdTGYxvQxVWlMgDWOlGibYrCPDsRpVn3mU5PVwb6nw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zByT99QSX6s9Y1aAia4RGL6CVKnOIvHeUEubBrwTkdokVXlQic39X9ic2A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="371" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="232.87589928057557" data-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyicpbhBH7hHMYcM3sxib0BkhW3f1qfNH5AdB9icjw5uENCk2ibo2loAicXVQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6253369272237197" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuybSSWyUVTaAPz4hdTGYxvQxVWlMgDWOlGibYrCPDsRpVn3mU5PVwb6nw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" data-w="371" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内侧受力增加，骨头的自然反应，就是长出许多赘生骨(骨刺)，企图增加面积、承载相同的力道，如此压力可较为降低，骨刺的出现，代表内侧所承受压力超过正常负荷，病患膝盖的弯曲伸直角度活动也常因为骨刺的出现而感到“卡卡”而使得活动受限。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(3) 膝盖变形</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zDvUp97LIDc8c85iaUyGHjNHnBH8vmu9hoXN0of6NFaQpf8NNbHXybAA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="371" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="234" data-ratio="0.6307277628032345" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuya5ejqmiceiaJK7ZPuMXNsurOzyQpCqp2lBcEoP8FRLFQTSAfuPu60vkg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px;height: 365px;" data-w="371" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">正常的膝盖呈现略微外翻(X型腿)，但多数退化性膝关节炎因内侧磨损，使得外观变得越来越内翻(O型腿)，内侧韧带组织孪缩、外侧韧带组织松弛，呈现张力不平衡及疼痛症状。 </span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">退化性膝关节炎X光分期 </strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">门诊常有病患询问关于退化性关节炎的X光分期，共分成四期，其中一二期较为轻微，三四期较为严重，在较为轻微的分期使用各类保守治疗(ex. 玻尿酸、维骨力、PRP等)治疗效果较为明显，而较为严重的分期，常需要口服止痛药或是关节内注射类固醇，或是需要接受手术，较能有效缓解疼痛。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="313" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zxftK9icto7U4PleDqEyL5LZnEVIseTtdvIEtdAGNSmtJmlkxW98LYicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zxftK9icto7U4PleDqEyL5LZnEVIseTtdvIEtdAGNSmtJmlkxW98LYicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="673" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="336.5" data-ratio="0.49925705794947994" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyCQ8d5hlwkXXkCED0iarYwwRQkjwI6icfsdqLvSOc9It3kw9FXJfGmIoQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="673" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">特殊困难个案 </strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在某些特别严重的退化性关节炎，需要手术医师具备较为丰富的手术经验、或是需要特殊设计的人工关节组件，以确保手术后病患具备稳定的关节及良好的功能。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">反曲变形 </strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">反曲变形指的是膝盖能够伸直到超过水平180度，变成“向后凹”的一个状态，这样表示非常严重的退化性关节炎合併外侧和后侧的软组织松弛，人工关节置换手术当中需要谨慎而计画性的切割、或是甚至需要用到特殊设计的膝关节组件(ex. 铰链式人工膝关节, rotating hinge knee, RHK)，才能达到成功的手术结果。 </span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-backh="313" data-backw="556" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zPnPA8ibOWN0NgQFf3vBLC0hUib3S8gib4fTKvib2PPVgicTmMRWd6JagyMQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zPnPA8ibOWN0NgQFf3vBLC0hUib3S8gib4fTKvib2PPVgicTmMRWd6JagyMQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="572" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="281.8848920863309" data-ratio="0.49125874125874125" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuylrPuBYZmzJczWfq4AoNWr7z85w0GC7ibzdKHf6ib9G8HLO9jfHUanpiaQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="572" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">髌骨脱臼</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">正常的髌骨轨道要坐落在股骨的正中央, 在某些严重的退化性膝关节炎的病患身上，髌骨会有严重向外脱位的状况，导致严重的膝盖前方疼痛和影响关节弯曲伸直角度，人工关节置换手术当中借由正确的装置股骨、胫骨和髌骨组件，能够让髌骨轨迹重新回到股骨的正中央。 </span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zI5rByuCibrGrzovOXwibPVWA4bNy9yh8b61jd1SicThPOOAZlLamfy9xA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="572" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="297" data-ratio="0.5192307692307693" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuypYicvMDcBTlfoxlwakgClMdIS9ibcu3hstxlzUga7yQaibrL0Enib0gZKA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="572" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zZt3U7VCtxyLiam4BjUYBeYCDSQSZbmdt6g8Hf8W6s7EO5yRib0OJvP7g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="572" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="292" data-ratio="0.5104895104895105" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyrY5O0zrPUQwVaL3DByhFibAsHE37Z6MD9BwtGXEYk4bTxO57gvkakgg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="572" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">极度外翻膝</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">多数的退化性膝关节炎都是内翻膝(O型)，外翻(X型)比例较低，偶有遇到角度非常大的外翻膝合併严重的退化性关节炎，此时通常合併髌骨轨道严重向外偏移，借由人工关节置换手术当中正确的调整各个组件的位置，以及评估关节稳定性而决定是否需要使用较为限制型的人工关节 (ex. 髁骨限制性膝关节, condylar constrained knee, CCK) 来达到膝关节稳定、手术的成功。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2z1mwfD5ficqL0ba87yW4XTUGAXFTcZLBUYC8icVOQuBmr0PoTePlE2gHw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="572" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="290" data-ratio="0.5052447552447552" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyrxBdckauq3IJ8bYzia183lFt6Zl3TaWN9fAIic8a6vUwBumrrMsTk3hg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 556px !important;" data-w="572" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性膝关节炎</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性关节炎，是一种自体免疫疾病导致的关节内破坏，可以影响的重要关节包括肩、肘、膝、髋等上下肢重要活动关节，好发在中年以上的妇女，由于生物制剂治疗模式的大幅进步，有效控制疾病对于关节的破坏，因为重度类风湿性关节炎而需要接受人工关节置换手术的病患已经大幅减少。 </span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性膝关节炎的X光表现</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(1) 关节面侵蚀</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zfZfkl52hnVh8OhzKfmiaFrTibYlBnZzWZd8HXmyFMoVR59MF66M9kgYw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="371" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="257" data-ratio="0.692722371967655" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuysA4comrd59xTmNj6yxSicxgBvjjT8v9JsG44ZepIicETlJ7lY5mZmHiaw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 371px !important;" data-w="371" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性膝关节炎的起因，是由发炎的滑膜组织往软骨、韧带、骨头进行侵蚀破坏的反应，有别于退化性膝关节炎的不对称缝隙狭窄，可以观察到广泛、均匀的软骨破坏，对比正常的平滑软骨表面，类风湿性膝关节炎的</span><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">软骨表面坑坑疤疤的</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，相当不平整。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(2) 软组织肿胀</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zO6RJWP27qNTFzibXGJqqmibT3l5mUnicr1xjibQ5D5feenz0UBGaiaEpU3A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="371" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="253" data-ratio="0.6792452830188679" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyLOjBcd14kWtQ9XPudtSYehudZVPmsB7OcrOkqCnGpFsxGIzrDypjEA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 371px !important;" data-w="371" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性膝关节炎通常合併严重的滑膜炎以及关节内积水，发炎反应相当厉害，临床症状表现严重疼痛以及关节角度活动受限，对比正常X光片，可以观察到</span><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">许多关节旁的“黑线”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，</span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就是软组织肿胀的表现，手术当中与一般稻草色的关节液不同，比较像洗米水的混浊白色，需要与关节感染做出区别。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(3) 关节周遭骨质流失</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zS1YiabHBauvYqBueTDgGRib5EvAcZpYdRAnegmjDM06IuXkrrlxL8UZw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="371" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="256" data-ratio="0.6873315363881402" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuyfBTwrohzEvDQoq1KtXIpGPSBGrjdXmeW84JKr8B9s0NJ6HEhlArJLA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 371px !important;" data-w="371" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性关节炎的疾病活性范畴很广，从很轻微到很严重都有，严重的类风湿性膝关节炎，病患往往因为疼痛使得行走功能严重受限，四肢骨头，特别是下肢在缺乏负重使用的情形之下，会产生很厉害的骨质流失，对比退化性膝关节炎的病患，X光可观察到</span><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">骨头较“ 黑、透明 ”</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，而正常的骨头比较“ 白、不透明 ”。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性膝关节炎的手术考量</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1. 病患疾病控制状况及药物停用评估</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2. 极差的骨质和软组织状况</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 感染风险增加</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">类风湿性膝关节炎，因为广泛的膝关节内破坏，所以高位胫骨截骨矫正手术或是部分膝关节置换手术基本上没有角色，全人工膝关节置换手术才能有效的处理症状及恢复功能，但这类病人手术前需充分评估身体状况，与风湿免疫科医师讨论个别药物停用以及复用的问题，手术医师需小心处理骨质和软组织较差的情形以避免术中骨折或是伤口愈合不良等併发症，另外，此类病患需特别注意伤口恢复状况以及做好相关预防手术感染的措施。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自发性膝盖骨坏死</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自发性骨坏死，拆成两个字词，“自发性”指的是没有药物或是疾病所导致的疾病，“骨坏死”就是俗语所说“蛀洞”，就是骨头缺乏血液供应所造成的坏死塌陷。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自发性骨坏死，好发于65岁以上，女生较多，绝大多数发生在股骨内侧，单侧发生。其发生的原因不明，但有理论指出可能跟停经后的骨质疏松、内侧受力较多、或是微小血管血流供应不良有相关，常造成症状为内侧膝盖疼痛合併关节积水疼痛。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其他续发性造成膝盖骨坏死包括使用类固醇、凝血异常或是其他代谢疾病，发生率相对少见。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自发性膝盖骨坏死的X光表现</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">蛀洞</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WJUxgshtoSiasD7JcWyhIOMMgoGrZwia2zuWQBAMibuolXv85demZNVWhaU2TWLx2ylZTLwTMNmm6XmcB7Xdl3Osw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="472" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="311" data-ratio="0.6588983050847458" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0Se9c1bu5t4VmibGYOROKRicjzhj3acPuy2XD73icIjp8HBM0H7IdL8Fn5m3Vj5PWwcicsNE5iavfRrY2w2uFE4FwSw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 472px !important;" data-w="472" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基本上的认识就是股骨内髁的蛀洞，可以看到X光上有不平整的凹洞，而凹洞的周围有一圈较白的新生骨，是蛀洞周遭所刺激的骨质新生，与髋关节股骨头缺血性坏死的X光片有异曲同工之处。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;line-height: 27.2px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自发性骨坏死的手术考量</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">病患表现多为内侧关节面疼痛以及积水，虽然关节面不平整，但在较为年轻的病患仍然可以借由高位胫骨截骨矫正手术达到症状缓解，虽然蛀洞的部位在矫正后的追踪X光片上不会完全复原，但症状的缓解是明显的。在较为年长的病患族群，部分(单髁人工关节置换)或是全人工膝关节置换手术在保守治疗无效的族群可提供相当的症状改善以及功能恢复。 </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.5em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：网络</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);min-height: 1em;text-align: left;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 免责声明：本文版权归原作者所有，内容代表作者个人观点，转载分享，如有违规、侵权请联系删除。</span></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding-top: 3px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;border-top: 0.15em solid rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 3px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;border-top: 0.15em solid rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: 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发表于 2020-10-20 12:12:43