呼吸机送气控制方式简介

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                    <section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/0efb32474ae30a2302bd71feb0f7eb84_1.gif" /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>起动的概念</p></section><p><img src="image/20201019/d7919da0bd816cde37378450c6c4c882_2.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 起动（initiating）是指使呼吸机开始送气的驱动方式。起动有3种方式：时间起动、压力起动和流量起动。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>时间起动</p></section><p><img src="image/20201019/d7919da0bd816cde37378450c6c4c882_2.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;用于控制通气，它是指呼吸机按固定频率进行通气。当呼气期达到预定的时间后，呼吸机开始送气，即进入吸气期，不受病人吸气的影响。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>压力起动</p></section><p><img src="image/20201019/d7919da0bd816cde37378450c6c4c882_2.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 用于辅助呼吸。压力起动指当病人存在微弱的自主呼吸时，吸气时气道内压降低为负压。触发（trigger）呼吸机送气，而完成同步吸气。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 辅助呼吸使用压力触发时，能保持呼吸机工作与病人吸气同步，以利撤离呼吸机，但当病人吸气用力强弱不等时，传感器装置的灵敏度调节困难，易发生过度通气或通气不足。此外，由于同步装置的限制，病人开始吸气时，呼吸机要迟20ms左右才能同步，这称为呼吸滞后（lag time）。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>流量起动</p></section><p><img src="image/20201019/d7919da0bd816cde37378450c6c4c882_2.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;用于辅助呼吸。流量起动指在病人吸气开始前，呼吸机输送慢而恒定的持续气流，并在呼吸回路入口和出口装有流速传感器，由微机测量两端的流速差值。若差值达到预定水平，即触发呼吸机送气。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>限定正压通气</p></section><p><img src="image/20201019/d7919da0bd816cde37378450c6c4c882_2.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;为避免对病人和机器回路产生损害作用，应限定呼吸机输送气体的量。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有3种方式：①容量限定，预设潮气量，通过改变流量、压力和时间三个变量来输送潮气量。②压力限定，预设气道压力，通过改变流量、压力和时间三个变量来维持回路内压力。③流速限定，预设流速，通过改变压力、容量和时间三个变量来达到预设的流速。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>切换</p></section><p><img src="image/20201019/d7919da0bd816cde37378450c6c4c882_2.png" /></p> <section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;切换（cycling）指呼吸机由吸气期转换成呼气期的方式。</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 有4种方式：①时间切换，达到预设的吸气时间，即停止送气，转回呼气。②容量切换，当预设的潮气量送人肺后，即转向呼气。③流速切换，当吸气流速降低到一定程度后，即转向呼气（PSV模式即采用此种切换模式）。④压力切换，当吸气压力达到预设值后，即转向呼气。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>欢</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>迎</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>关</p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>注</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><img src="image/20201019/b438ddea8f97fb78e52cf29dec222154_8.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p>关注我们</p><p>一起涨姿势！</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>