欧美最严重！新冠病毒至少发生6次重大突变，毒株传染性和“免疫逃逸”能力增强

admin · 发表于 2020-10-14 11:57:05

                  <section data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.jpg" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="97917"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><p><br  /></p><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2c10ae191edb8e881de984d7b751608e_2.png" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><p><img src="image/20201014/6c5136f5dff5bef104ddd9c75e7daf3a_3.jpg" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><blockquote><p><span>与新冠病毒的斗争，或将是场持久战</span></p></blockquote></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section data-source="bj.96weixin.com"><section><section><section><section><section><p><img src="image/20201014/e819550709024b3cb459106adf6bd34c_4.gif" /></p><span> </span></section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span>周二，来自广州呼吸疾病国家重点实验室和上海公共卫生临床中心的研究人员在生物预印本平台BioRxiv上发表的一篇未经同行评审的论文中称，SARS-CoV-2(新冠病毒)已经经历了快速突变，传播时间可能比预期更长。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>研究人员发现，自今年1月以来，该病毒的基因发生了至少6次重大突变，这些突变增强了传染性和“免疫逃逸”——它逃避人类免疫系统检测和攻击的能力。不过这些突变菌株大多数发生在美国和欧洲。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>论文指出，SARS-CoV-2的突变模式随着传播地点的变化而不断变化，但其原因尚待揭示。在此，研究人员提出了一项综合分析免疫系统限制的潜在选择压力的研究。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>结果表明，SARS-CoV-2蛋白最常见的突变位点位于非结构蛋白ORF1ab和结构刺突蛋白上。进一步分析发现SARS-CoV-2与季节性冠状病毒交叉反应表位的突变可能有助于SARS-CoV-2在长期大规模的社区传播下逃避细胞免疫。同时，刺突蛋白的突变可能增强SARS-CoV-2进入宿主细胞的能力，逃避B细胞免疫的识别。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>新冠病毒利用刺突蛋白与宿主细胞中一种血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2)的分子结合从而感染人体细胞。研究人员发现了三种突变可以提高这种结合的强度。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>例如，N439K基因的一个变化增加了ACE2和刺突蛋白之间的化学键;还有一种可能破坏病毒和一种抗体之间的离子键，这种抗体被认为可以中和Sars-CoV-2。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>这些突变在某种程度上类似于人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和流感，它们通过快速突变来躲避免疫攻击。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><strong><span>研究人员称:“一直以来，为了逃避后天免疫系统，病毒会在选择性压力下发生变异。这意味着即使针对当前流行的Sars-CoV-2开发出有效的疫苗，快速的免疫逃逸趋势突变也会在短时间内导致疫苗无效。因此，我们可能期望疫苗开发成为一项周期性工作……就像流感病毒的情况一样。”</span></strong></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>根据这项研究，目前美国和英国成为主要的病毒突变温床。在这些国家，每个影响病毒传染性和免疫逃逸的基因都发生了数以千计的变化。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>之前的一些研究发现，普通成年人每两年就会患一次由其他冠状病毒引起的“感冒”。中国研究人员说，人类的免疫反应可能从这些早期感染中吸取了教训，并对一些驱动Sars-CoV-2快速进化的常见基因施加选择性压力。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><span>而美国科学家早些时候的一项研究估计，如果人类能够建立对这种病毒的持久免疫力，这种大流行将于明年结束。但这种寄期望于人体自然产生长期免疫的希望很可能落空。</span></section><section><span>上周二一项针对疫情爆发初期直接接触感染者的武汉医护人员上的研究显示，在23,000多个样本中，至少有四分之一可能在某个阶段感染了病毒。但截至4月份，只有4%的人产生了抗体。而且研究还发现，超过10%的人可能在一个月左右的时间内失去抗体保护。</span></section><section><span><br  /></span></section><section><strong><span>研究人员警告称，人类不太可能产生对抗这种病毒的持久保护性抗体。</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#757576"><section data-role="paragraph"><section><section><section 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