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<section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br /></section><section data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.jpg" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><br /></section><p data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><span>2020年7月2日,国务院应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情联防联控机制综合组发布了《关于进一步加快提高医疗机构新冠病毒核酸检测能力的通知》中提到了缩短核酸检测出报告时间的话题,也提出了新的要求标准:</span></p><p data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><br /></p><p data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><p><img src="image/20201014/f7084a1c0dbde68b2782152d3801863b_2.png" /></p></p><p data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><br /></p><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-id="87733" data-color="rgb(25, 108, 209)" data-custom="rgb(25, 108, 209)" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-width="100%" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p><span>发热门诊患者的核酸检测,要在6小时内报告结果,争取缩短至4小时;</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>普通门急诊、住院患者及陪护人员等人群的核酸检测,原则上要在12小时内报告结果;</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>“愿检尽检”人群的核酸检测,一般在24小时内报告结果。</span></p><p><br /></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="22631"><section><section><p><span><strong>01</strong></span></p></section><section><section><span><strong><strong>不可能完成的任务</strong></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br /></p></section></section></section></section><section><span><span>文件下发后,立即点燃了圈内舆论,很多从业者得知要求</span><strong><span>在批量检测的场景下4小时内出核酸检测报告</span></strong>时,第一反应都是:<strong>不可能</strong>。</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>尽管目前核酸检测产品一般在2小时内即可出结果,但通常这一时间仅代<strong>指样本开始操作,或者上机之后的时间</strong>,并非被监测人拿到检测报告的时间。事实上,整个检测过程包括<strong>采样、样本运输、实验操作、结果上传报告系统</strong>等步骤,一般</span><br /></section><section><br /></section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/aaebf08e4e480e8055a3f08861cab681_3.jpg" /></p></p><p><br /></p><p><span>目前大部分医院新冠病毒核酸检测方法看,人工操作模式需要的主设备是实时荧光PCR仪,在样本检测前通常需要30分钟的灭活处理。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>后续的检测过程包括核酸提取和核酸扩增检测两部分。核酸提取时间受样本量影响较大,几个样本提取核酸大约需要30分钟;96个标本提取约需2小时以上;准备PCR试剂约需要10-15分钟;核酸扩增检测需要80分钟,全程需要2.5-4.5个小时。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>此外,全自动核酸提取仪和实时荧光PCR仪,样本在检测前通常需要30分钟的灭活处理。后续的全自动提取仪提取1个和96个样本的时间相同。提取前需将样本人工转移到全自动提取仪,约需要15分钟;全自动核酸提取加上体系构建(包括提取核酸,并把核酸加入到扩增试剂检测板内)全程需要70-90分钟。扩增检测需要80分钟,全程需要4个小时。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>同时,目前开展PCR检测的机构,基本都是收集样本,然后进行批量提取检测。每个样本收集后很难在理论检测时间内获得检测结果,操作时间至少需要8个小时左右,因此,以目前的核酸检测运行模式,无论如何也<strong>无法满足门诊和急诊对快速报告结果的需求。</strong></span></p><section><br /></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="22631"><section><section><p><span><strong>02</strong></span></p></section><section><section><span><strong><strong>POCT是救世主吗?</strong></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br /></p><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><span>卫健委要求“在6小时内报告结果,争取缩短至4小时报告”是为提高核酸检测能力储备,尽快提高检测能力,避免局部疫情出现甚至暴发时,医疗资源挤兑导致检测能力严重滞后,给疫情防控和群众健康带来不利影响而进行的一种不计成本的检测策略。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><span>但就初期的病毒传播速度和感染人数量而言,上述要求的检测策略在“无限排班”的条件下可以实现,但这样无异于打破了检验人员的工作极限,要求每一份标本的运转处于无缝衔接的工作状态。这似乎对现有核酸检测技术发起了一场高难度挑战。</span><br /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p><p><span>面对这一困境,很多人立刻想到了<strong>分子POCT设备</strong>,既<span>全<strong>自动PCR分析检测系统</strong></span>,这种可以安装在发热门诊的小巧设备,能够做到一边采样一边检查,同时对检测人员的专业度要求较低,似乎能够完美解决卫健委的要求,但可惜的是<span>,若想满足发热门诊需求,至少要达到8个小时检测80-100个样本的通量,而<span>目前市面上的分子POCT类设备通量都比较小</span>,无法满足临床需求。</span></span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><p><img src="image/20201014/9092663028f76f298d1db7edb3bc1a4e_4.png" /></p></p><p><br /></p><p><span>可见,以现在的技术而言,我们真的很难在4-6小时内得到核酸检测报告,即使使用POCT技术也不行,因此,卫健委的政策可以看做是<span>核酸检测相关产品的升级研发方向,而这方向十分明确——大通量的全自动PCR分析检测系统。</span></span></p><p><br /></p><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="22631"><section><section><p><span><strong>03</strong></span></p></section><section><section><span><strong><strong>我国POCT现状及趋势</strong></strong></span></section></section></section></section><p><br /></p></section><p><span>由于POCT的检测方式具有快速检测、现场采样和操作简便的三大优势,顺应了现代社会快节奏和个性化的服务需求,使它拥有其广泛的应用场景,也成为了IVD行业中最具发展潜力的领域之一,代表了IVD未来的发展方向。其应用场景包括临床检验、健康管理、疫情控制、食品安全监控甚至军事与灾难救援、毒品检测和酒精检测等海关及检验检疫以及刑侦执法检测等公共卫生领域。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span><strong>但也存在组织管理体系仍需完善、企业众多,检验成本高、质量控制体系有待提高、操作人员水平层次不齐、POCT 的结果报告不规范等问题。</strong>因此,正处于快速成长阶段的POCT市场在充满机遇的同时也面临着诸多挑战。</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>而此次新冠疫情是POCT技术跃进的天赐良机,然而虽然目前<span>全国34个省级行政区中,23个已完成或正在进行新冠核酸检测试剂集采。</span>但中标的基本都是<span>传统</span><span>PCR类的产品</span>,因为<span>传统PCR的产品可以拆分报价</span>,这让全自动新冠检测设备在价格PK中全面落败。普及仍需努力。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>尽管整体产业发展水平仍较低,产品有待转型升级。但因为近年来我国POCT市场的飞速发展(行业增速始终保持在20%以上,远远高于全球7%~8%的增速),以及在<span>我国老龄化推动慢性病的高发以及分级诊断、</span>《关于进一步加快提高医疗机构新冠病毒核酸检测能力的通知》等政<span>策的逐步落地</span>和驱动下,</span><span>POCT行业集群化格局初现,未来发展潜力巨大。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span>来源:IVD从业者、CACLP体外诊断资讯等</span></p><p><br /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section data-color="#757576"><section><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>相关阅读</strong></section></section></section><section><section><br /></section></section><section data-width="100%"><section><section><section><section data-width="100%"><section data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/2aac877ff9233ba5a66e7a5ff3a4febf_5.gif" /></p></section><section data-brushtype="text">戳一下,更有料!</section></section><section data-color="#6aa9ad" data-custom="#59c3f9"><br /></section><section data-color="#6aa9ad" 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