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<section data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section data-color="rgb(182, 228, 253)" data-custom="rgb(182, 228, 253)"><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p><p><img src="image/20201014/86b79d371e9862b01189f0252a03b2cd_1.jpg" /></p></p></section><section><section><span><strong></strong></span></section><p><span>医疗器械媒体报道先锋</span></p><p><span>分享专业医疗器械知识</span></p></section><section><section><section><span>关注</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph"><section data-tplid="89781" data-tools="gulangu"><section data-tools="gulangu" data-id="95298"><section><section><section><span></span></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><p><br /></p><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span>来源：药明康德</span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br /></section><section><span>免疫疗法已经成为治疗癌症的主要模式之一。今年在新冠疫情席卷全球的情况下，免疫疗法的开发和临床试验受到了什么影响？在多款免疫检查点抑制剂和CAR-T疗法已经上市的环境下，在研免疫疗法的热门靶点是否有所改变？日前，纽约癌症研究所（Cancer Research Institute）的研究团队在Nature Reviews Drug Discovery上发表了一篇综述，对2020年的癌症免疫疗法研发管线进行了盘点，并且与过去3年的数据进行了比较。今天，药明康德内容团队将与读者分享这一综述的精彩内容。</span></section><section><br /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/5b6dfb6f571cffccc2bd3998d47e4d8f_2.png" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br /></section><section><span><strong><span>免疫肿瘤学疗法研发管线持续扩展</span></strong></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>在2020年，免疫肿瘤学（immuno-oncology）研发管线中在研疗法数目达到4720种，与2019年相比增长了22%，与2017年相比增长了233%。在2019年增长15%之后，这一邻域在2020年的加速增长显示了免疫肿瘤学疗法研发热情的再度提升。</span></section><section><br /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/97d041c17f416d69338ff72d2d3b4e5c_3.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span>▲免疫肿瘤学研发管线扩展趋势（图片来源：参考资料[1]）</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>在免疫疗法的6大细分领域，细胞疗法继续保持每年增加数百种在研疗法的强劲势头，与2017年相比在研疗法数目已经翻了4倍。靶向T细胞的在研免疫调节药物（例如PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂）数目也显著增加。而癌症疫苗领域的研发活动在经过2019年的短暂停滞之后在2020年恢复了增长，这可能得益于基于新抗原（neoantigen）和纳米颗粒技术的新临床前疫苗项目的出现。</span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><br /></section><section><span><strong><span>热门靶点的变迁</span></strong></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>对免疫肿瘤学疗法十大热门靶点的分析显示，靶向大多数热门靶点的在研疗法数目在2020年都显著增加或保持增长。不过，靶向肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）的在研疗法数目在2020年有所下降，这可能是因为在研癌症疫苗数目的下降。</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>当研究人员分析暂停研发的项目时，也发现靶向TAA的研发项目暂停或取消得最多。靶向CEA、IL-2R和IDO1的在研项目在过去一年中被削减的数目也有所提高，可能是由于近来的临床试验数据不够理想。</span></section><section><br /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/221709ea2e76b66f2b0b2e70eed9771a_4.jpg" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span>▲10大免疫肿瘤学热门靶点（上图）和削减项目最多的10个靶点（下图）（图片来源：参考资料[1]）</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>对免疫调节药物研发管线的进一步分析显示，根据它们靶向的细胞类型分类，靶向巨噬细胞、B细胞、天然杀伤细胞以及肿瘤浸润细胞（TIL）的在研疗法的增长超过了靶向T细胞的疗法的增长速度。其中，靶向B细胞的在研疗法从2018年的1款增加到了2020年的18款。靶向TIL的在研疗法数目是2018年的2.6倍。部分得益于对CD47“别吃我”信号通路的关注，靶向巨噬细胞的在研疗法在2020年达到229个，与2018年相比提高了86%。</span></section><section><br /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/167fef7e95af6785a527a23b1ffde453_5.png" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span>▲根据靶向的细胞类型对免疫调节药物的分类（图片来源：参考资料[1]）<br /></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span><strong><span>COVID-19对免疫肿瘤学疗法临床试验的影响</span></strong></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>COVID-19疫情的扩展对临床试验的启动和进行造成了严重的阻碍。研究人员通过比较过去5年的每个月里临床试验启动的数目，发现在2019年年末，新启动的临床试验数目与往年相比减少得更多。这一观察与COVID-19大流行的开始，以及新临床试验数目在秋季下降的趋势相符。可喜的是，在过去几个月里，免疫肿瘤学疗法临床试验的数目出现了显著回升。显示这一领域临床试验的强力反弹和积压临床试验的恢复启动。</span></section><section><br /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><p><img src="image/20201014/bca7ce0e5299499f25f8080c78e1d56f_6.png" /></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><span>▲每月新免疫肿瘤学临床试验启动数目统计（图片来源：参考资料[1]）<br /></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>研究人员同时指出，由于临床试验信息在公开数据库中的更新并不及时，有时预计临床试验开始日期和真实开始日期不一样，这也会影响数据的呈现。</span></section><section><br /></section><section><span><strong><span>结语</span></strong></span></section><section><br /></section><section><span>研究人员表示，免疫肿瘤学领域仍然在继续扩展，几乎所有药物类型的在研疗法数目和临床试验数目与去年相比都进一步提高。值得一提的是这一领域正在探索T细胞以外的免疫细胞在治疗癌症方面的功效。这一分析收集了COVID-19疫情高峰时的数据，它们显示COVID-19对免疫肿瘤学领域的干扰是暂时的，研究人员也观察到明显标志着临床试验活动复苏的证据。</span></section><p><br /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section data-color="#757576"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text"><strong>相关阅读</strong></section></section></section><section><section><section><br /></section></section></section><section 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发表于 2020-10-14 10:34:03